Cotton plants experiencing excessive growth of stems, branches, and leaves—while losing the balance between vegetative and reproductive development—is referred to as "vegetative overgrowth." After the formation of cotton buds, both vegetative and reproductive growth occur simultaneously. However, when vegetative growth becomes too vigorous, it can suppress reproductive development, leading to bud drop or even a complete failure to set bolls.
This condition is often caused by excessive use of nitrogen-rich fertilizers and overwatering. During the budding stage to the early flowering period, cotton plants require significant nutrients. If too much nitrogen is applied, it disrupts the carbon-to-nitrogen balance, causing rapid vegetative growth. In the Yellow River Basin cotton regions, heavy rainfall or irrigation during this time can further promote such overgrowth.
To manage this issue effectively, proper fertilization and irrigation practices are essential. For example, under plastic mulch conditions, it's generally not recommended to apply top-dressing fertilizer at the bud stage. In high-yield fields with good soil fertility, no additional fertilizer is needed during the budding phase. All types of cotton fields should receive a flower-bell fertilizer application. During the seedling stage, watering should be avoided unless necessary, and irrigation during the budding stage should be delayed to implement a "seedling control" strategy.
Deep cultivation is another effective method. By cutting part of the root system, it helps slow down the plant’s rapid growth. If leggy growth is observed from the budding stage to the early flowering stage, deep cultivation (12–16 cm) near the base of the plant can help curb excessive growth quickly.
Chemical control using dinocycline is also an effective technique. The first chemical treatment should be applied during the budding stage, with a dosage of 0.3 to 0.8 grams per mu. Throughout the growing season, 3 to 4 applications are typically required, following the principle of "light before heavy." Adjustments can be made based on the specific variety and local climate conditions.
Pruning is another useful approach. When cotton plants show signs of excessive growth, removing some of the main stems and leaves can help reduce vegetative growth and encourage more balanced development. These combined strategies ensure that cotton plants maintain a healthy balance between growth stages, ultimately improving yield and quality.
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