Soilless cultivation systems for calla lilies are designed to provide an efficient and controlled environment for growing these beautiful flowers without the use of traditional soil. The system typically includes a planting tank, a drip irrigation setup, a nutrient solution reservoir, a water pump, and a liquid supply timer. The planting tanks can be constructed using bricks, with a frame width of 80 cm and a height of 20 cm. The length of each tank is determined based on the greenhouse dimensions, usually not exceeding 30 to 40 meters. Before filling, the tank is covered with a plastic sheet to prevent soil contamination, followed by a layer of 15 to 18 cm of growing medium.
The ideal soilless growing medium for cut calla lilies includes materials like rice husk ash, sawdust, or a mix of perlite and sawdust. These substrates provide good aeration and moisture retention. For irrigation, drip lines with outlets spaced 10 or 20 cm apart are commonly used, with two rows per planting trough. The nutrient solution pool should have a volume of about 1 to 2 cubic meters, and the pump size depends on the pressure and flow rate required by the drip system. A 450-watt submersible pump is generally sufficient to supply three greenhouses.
Planting of calla lily bulbs in a soilless system usually begins in late August. Healthy, disease-free bulbs of uniform size are selected and placed in the planting troughs at 15 cm intervals. Larger bulbs are spaced 40 cm apart, and seed bulbs are planted 3 to 4 cm deep. After planting, two drip irrigation lines are positioned outside the bulbs to ensure even water distribution.
For nutrient management, a balanced solution is essential. A typical formula includes 800 g of calcium nitrate, 210 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 250 g of magnesium sulfate, 500 g of potassium nitrate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of iron chelate (EDTA), 2 g of manganese sulfate, 1 g of zinc sulfate, 1.3 g of boric acid, 0.15 g of copper sulfate, and 0.1 g of ammonium molybdate. The pH of the solution should be maintained between 5.6 and 6.5 throughout the growth cycle. Nutrient solution is supplied 2 to 3 times daily, depending on weather and plant development, ensuring the substrate remains moist with a small water layer at the bottom of the tank.
In terms of plant management, calla lilies require minimal attention. Regular removal of yellow or outer leaves helps improve air circulation and light penetration, preventing issues like stem entanglement. Common pests include bacterial soft rot, aphids, and red spider mites. Bacterial soft rot affects leaves, stems, and tubers and is often spread through infected tubers. Early control can be achieved by spraying a 500-fold dilution of Bordeaux mixture. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to maintaining healthy plants in a soilless system.
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