In mid to late June, the northern regions of China experience low rainfall and high temperatures. It is essential to water crops appropriately—too much water can lead to prolonged growth of cotton buds, which may affect yield. After irrigation or heavy rain, it's important to cultivate the soil promptly to encourage root development and promote a more compact plant structure.
For fertilization, apply 5–6 kg of urea, 15–20 kg of potassium chloride, 1 kg of zinc sulfate, and 1 kg of borax per 667 square meters. This helps enhance the plant’s ability to produce higher yields. When applying fertilizer, ensure it is placed at least 15 cm away from the base of the plant. During the budding stage, special attention should be given to weak seedlings to help them recover and grow stronger.
Pruning is an important practice during this time. Retain leaves until they develop 2–3 fruit branches, then pinch off the top to encourage bud formation, flowering, and fruit setting. This should be done before and after June 20th. Remove 4–8 early shoots from the lower parts of the fruit branches or trim 2–3 fruiting nodes to adjust the flowering period, ideally aligning it with July 10th. Synchronizing the peak blooming period with high temperature, strong sunlight, and abundant water will maximize photosynthetic efficiency.
Soil compaction or after heavy rains, it's crucial to cultivate the field promptly. During the budding stage, deep cultivation is recommended, reaching 8–10 cm in depth. For fields showing excessive growth, increase the cultivation depth beyond 10 cm to cut some lateral roots, reduce root groups, and control stem and leaf growth effectively.
Pest control should follow the principle of “few applications, strong spraying, no overuse, and no unnecessary spraying.†Avoid using fertilizers as sprays to prevent phytotoxicity. From the budding stage, it's common to apply four rounds of pesticide, typically using dieldrin. The timing and dosage vary depending on the condition of each field. The first application usually ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 grams per 667 square meters, with 3–6 applications throughout the season.
Common pests during the budding stage include the second generation of bollworms, aphids, red spider mites, and blind aphids. Prevention and control efforts should focus on the second generation of bollworms, while also monitoring for blind aphids and taking immediate action when detected. It's important to kill adult pests entering the field and implement preventive measures ahead of time to avoid damage to the crop.
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