The soilless cultivation system for calla lilies is a highly efficient and sustainable method that eliminates the need for traditional soil. It primarily consists of a planting tank, a drip irrigation system, a nutrient solution reservoir, a water pump, and a liquid supply timer. The planting tank can be constructed using bricks or other durable materials. Its frame is typically 80 cm wide and 20 cm high, with the length varying depending on the greenhouse's dimensions, usually not exceeding 30 to 40 meters. Before use, the tank is covered with a plastic sheet to prevent contamination from the ground, and then filled with a growing medium that is 15 to 18 cm thick. For cut flowers like calla lilies, suitable substrates include rice husk ash, sawdust, or a mixture of perlite and sawdust.
The drip irrigation system is an essential part of the setup, often using built-in drip tapes with emission holes spaced 10 cm or 20 cm apart. Two rows of drip lines are placed per planting trough to ensure even water distribution. The nutrient solution pool should have a volume of approximately 1 to 2 cubic meters, and the pump must be selected based on the pressure and flow rate required by the drip system. A 450-watt submersible pump is generally sufficient to supply three greenhouses efficiently.
Calla lilies are typically planted in late August. Healthy, disease-free bulbs of uniform size are selected and placed in the planting troughs at a spacing of 15 cm. Larger bulbs are spaced 40 cm apart, and each bulb is planted at a depth of 3 to 4 cm. After planting, two drip irrigation lines are positioned around the bulbs to provide consistent moisture.
Nutrient solution management is crucial for successful growth. A well-balanced formula includes 800 g of calcium nitrate, 210 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 250 g of magnesium sulfate, 500 g of potassium nitrate, 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of iron chelate (EDTA), 2 g of manganese sulfate, 1 g of zinc sulfate, 1.3 g of boric acid, 0.15 g of copper sulfate, and 0.1 g of ammonium molybdate. Throughout the growing season, the pH of the nutrient solution should be maintained between 5.6 and 6.5. The frequency of nutrient solution application depends on environmental conditions and plant development, typically 2 to 3 times daily to keep the growing medium moist and maintain a shallow water layer at the bottom of the tank.
Plant management involves regular monitoring and care. Yellowing or damaged leaves should be removed to improve air circulation and light exposure, which helps prevent issues such as stem entanglement. Common pests and diseases affecting calla lilies include bacterial soft rot, aphids, and red spider mites. Bacterial soft rot affects leaves, stems, and tubers, and is often spread through infected bulbs. Early control measures include spraying with a 500-fold dilution of Bordeaux mixture to prevent further spread. Regular inspections and proper sanitation practices are key to maintaining healthy plants in a soilless environment.
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