Cotton plants sometimes experience an overgrowth of stems, branches, and leaves, which disrupts the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive development. This condition is commonly referred to as "excessive vegetative growth" or "leggy growth." After the formation of cotton buds, both vegetative and reproductive growth occur simultaneously. However, if vegetative growth becomes too vigorous and outpaces reproductive development, it can lead to bud drop or even prevent boll formation entirely, significantly reducing yield.
This issue often arises due to improper management of fertilization and irrigation. During the period from bud formation to the early flowering stage, cotton plants require a balanced nutrient supply. Excessive nitrogen application can cause an imbalance in the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, promoting rapid vegetative growth at the expense of flower and boll development. In the Yellow River Basin, where heavy rainfall or excessive irrigation occurs during the budding phase, this problem is more common, leading to uncontrolled plant growth.
To manage this, several effective strategies can be employed. First, proper fertilization and irrigation are crucial. Base fertilizers should be applied before planting, and no additional nitrogen-rich fertilizer is typically needed during the budding stage, especially in high-fertility fields. A second round of fertilizer may be necessary during the boll-forming stage. Watering should be carefully managed—no irrigation is required during the seedling stage, and the first watering should be delayed until the bud stage to encourage stronger root development.
Deep cultivation is another useful technique. By cutting part of the root system, it helps slow down the plant's rapid growth. If legginess is observed from the bud stage to the early flowering stage, deep cultivation (12–16 cm) near the roots can effectively control growth in a short time.
Chemical control using growth regulators like dinocyclan is also effective. The first application should take place during the budding stage, with a dosage of 0.3–0.8 grams per mu. Throughout the growing season, 3–4 applications are usually needed, following the principle of "light before heavy," adjusting based on the plant’s condition and local weather patterns.
Pruning is another method to manage excessive growth. When plants become too tall, removing some of the main stems and leaves can help redirect energy toward boll development rather than unnecessary vegetative growth. These combined practices ensure a healthier balance between growth stages, leading to better yields and more efficient resource use.
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