In the summer, peach trees benefit from a process called topping, which involves removing the top portion of the new growth. This technique helps redirect the tree's nutrients and can significantly influence its development. By stopping the growth of certain branches, it allows for better filling of shoots, increases flower bud density, and reduces competition with neighboring branches. Here are some key practices to consider when topping peach trees during the summer season.
First, focus on upright shoots by pinching back the tips after 5–6 leaves. This encourages the growth of new shoots from the back, and after cutting the tip, 1–2 new shoots may develop. Leave 5–6 leaves and repeat the process 2–3 times per year to effectively manage growth. It’s important to be consistent, as the length of the new shoots affects the outcome. If you wait until the shoots reach 30–40 cm before cutting, it may waste nutrients and fail to control growth properly.
Second, for fruiting branches that are still growing, trim them back by 1/4 to 1/5. This helps control their size and encourages better flower bud formation.
Third, use auxiliary tip-picking to manage the growth of side shoots on the main branches. This promotes stronger branch development. Similarly, control any competing shoots or those that were cut in the previous summer to encourage flower bud differentiation.
Fourth, when dealing with large branches that tend to grow quickly, pinch back the tips near the base, leaving three leaves. Ensure there are no leaves between the three buds, as this will help form new leaf buds. This should generally be done once, but if the growth is strong, another round of topping may be necessary. However, be cautious—early and frequent picking can stress the tree. Avoid doing this on weak or moderately sized trees.
Through experience, it has been proven that proper summer topping not only speeds up the development of fruit-bearing branches but also helps balance the tree’s energy, promoting better flower bud formation. This leads to healthier, more productive trees, ultimately resulting in higher economic returns for growers.
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