Open-air ecological farming of soft-shelled turtles is a sustainable and healthy breeding method that closely mimics the natural living conditions of these animals. This approach takes 3 to 4 years to mature, resulting in high-quality turtles with wild characteristics that are highly valued in the market. On average, each mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) yields 250-300 kilograms of soft-shelled turtles, generating an annual income of around 6,000 yuan. This system has proven to be economically viable, socially beneficial, and environmentally friendly. Over time, a set of standardized production techniques has been developed and refined through practical experience.
The construction of ecological breeding ponds is crucial for successful farming. The breeding area should be located in a quiet, pollution-free zone near a clean water source. Ponds should be earthen, square-shaped, with sandy loam soil and a thick layer of silt (no more than 15 cm). The pond depth should range from 1.2 to 2.5 meters, with an area of 3 to 5 mu, not exceeding 15 mu. It's also possible to create separate areas for fry, young clams, and juvenile turtles. Anti-escape structures like asbestos boards, brick walls, or cement panels can be installed. Aquatic plants should be planted to support the ecosystem, and in spring, snails and other small aquatic creatures can be introduced to enhance the environment. Feeding stations and shaded resting areas can also be added as needed.
For high-quality seedling breeding, it's essential to select healthy parent turtles, preferably naturally grown Chinese sturgeons weighing 2-4 kg and aged 6-7 years. They should be disease-free, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1. These parents should be kept in a special pool with a stocking density of 0.3 to 0.5 per square foot. Their diet should consist mainly of animal-based feed such as live snails, small fish, and organs, supplemented with plant-based feeds like cakes and pumpkin. Daily feeding should be 5-8% of their body weight.
Artificial incubation involves collecting eggs and using a constant-temperature box or sand tray for hatching. The ideal temperature is 33-34°C, with humidity at 81-82%. The sand moisture should be 7-8%, and after 36-38 days, the hatchlings emerge. Juveniles are then raised separately in graded pools, fed live bait like leeches and minced fish. Winter protection measures are essential to ensure survival during colder months.
When raising seedlings in earth ponds, they should be introduced in April to June, with juveniles over 15g, uniform in size, and strong in health. Those purchased from elsewhere should be quarantined for a month before being placed into the pond. Disinfection with potassium permanganate is recommended to prevent disease. The stocking density should be around 600 per mu. Adding species like white peony shrimp, squid, and stingrays can improve water use efficiency.
For room-temperature breeding, natural water temperatures are used, and the environment should be as close to natural as possible. Feeding should focus on live bait, with some plant-based food and commercial feed. Main feed includes snails, small fish, organs, cakes, bran, and pumpkin. Artificial compound feed may also be used. Feeding begins when water temperatures exceed 18°C, with 3-6% of the turtle’s weight given daily, 1-2 times a day. Photosynthetic bacteria and other biological agents can be added to improve water quality and digestion.
Water quality management is key to disease prevention. Regular water changes every 10-15 days, adding lime to maintain pH balance, and controlling feeding to avoid overfeeding are important practices. Microbial products like photosynthetic bacteria should be used regularly to purify water and prevent diseases. Disease control follows ecological principles, with minimal use of drugs, and strict adherence to standards like NY5071-2001.
Pond management involves regular sorting of turtles based on size to ensure consistent growth and reduce stress. Finally, after 3-4 years of open-air farming, turtles typically reach 500 grams. At this point, they should be harvested according to market demand, using traps or dry pond methods. Sales are organized by companies or associations to ensure proper branding and distribution.
Vtm Sampling Tube With Swab
[Sample requirements]
The collected nasopharyngeal swab samples should be transported at 2°C to 8°C and sent for inspection immediately, and the sample delivery and storage time should not exceed 48 hours.
[Testing method]
1. Before sampling, mark the relevant sample information on the label of the sampling tube.
2. According to different sampling requirements, use a sampling swab to sample in the nasopharynx.
3. The specific sampling methods are as follows:
a) Nasal swab: Gently insert the swab head into the nasal palate, stay for a while and then slowly turn to exit. Wipe the other nostril with another swab, immerse the swab head in the sampling solution, and discard the tail.
b) Pharyngeal swab: Wipe bilateral pharyngeal tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall with a swab, also immerse the swab head in the sampling solution, and discard the tail.
4. Quickly put the swab into the sampling tube.
5. Break the part of the sampling swab higher than the sampling tube, and tighten the tube cover.
6. Freshly collected clinical specimens should be transported to the laboratory within 48 hours at 2°C to 8°C.
[Explanation of test results]
After the sample is collected, the sampling solution turns slightly yellow, which will not affect the nucleic acid test result.
[Limitations of the test method]
1. For samples that are seriously contaminated due to improper storage after collection, the final test results will be affected.
2. If the sample is not stored at the specified temperature, the final test result will be affected.
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