Pruning
Pruning begins in late April. Any buds that are not needed for extension branches or fruit-bearing trees should be removed from the base as early as possible. The earlier you prune, the better it is for the tree's growth and development.
In mid-May, the central shoot of the jujube should be topped before it becomes woody. At this stage, the first branch is still green. Except for maintaining the main branch, extension branches, and lateral branches, other branches should be pruned based on available space. For jujube shoots with large branches, pruning can be done at 7–8 nodes. From late May, when the 8th to 9th leaves of the jujube shoot are fully unfolded, the growing tip should be removed. This practice helps reduce nutrient consumption, increases fruit set, and significantly improves yield.
Thinning branches starts in mid-May. Delicate branches that sprout on fresh shoots, stems, base of jujube heads, or canopy roots should be removed if they are not needed. This helps save nutrients and improves air circulation and light penetration.
From mid-May onward, upright branches can be pulled horizontally using a rope to suppress the apical dominance of the jujube head. This technique helps control shoot growth, accumulate nutrients, promote flower bud differentiation, and increase flowering rates.
Tree girdling is performed on the main trunk of the jujube tree. It starts 20–30 cm above the base of the trunk and is gradually raised each year. The distance between two consecutive girdling cuts is 20 cm, and the width of each cut is 0.3–0.5 cm. The knife should penetrate deep into the xylem, removing the inner bark tissue and exposing the cambium layer.
Weeding
After rainfall or irrigation, timely weeding should be done with a cultivator, with a depth of about 10 cm. If agricultural methods are insufficient to control weeds, a 41% glyphosate solution (100–250 ml per 667 square meters) can be applied in mid-to-late May under the tree, targeting weeds directly. Another application of 72% Dole (50–200 ml) can be used to prevent regrowth. Depending on weed density, reapplication may be necessary. However, herbicides must not be sprayed on leaves or young shoots, and care should be taken during flowering and fruiting to avoid phytotoxicity.
Chemical Regulation
For jujube trees with weak vigor, spraying a 0.3% urea solution mixed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mid-May can promote growth and encourage flower bud formation. For trees with strong vigor, applying 1500–2000 mg/kg of paclobutrazol or booster when there are 7–8 leaves before flowering can significantly improve fruit set. Paclobutrazol can also be applied to the soil by burying it within 25 cm of the trunk. Mature trees typically require about 3 grams per plant, and it is recommended to use it every two years after one year of application.
Pest Control
Insect pest control in early May should focus on Zaojiao, jujube mosquitoes, Zaofei elephant, date stickworm, and Zaozhi moth. Pesticides such as pyrethroids diluted 2000–3000 times, 15% nicotinic acid in ricinoleic acid diluted 600 times, 10% anti-insecticidal speed EC diluted 1000 times, or 50 ppm nimble III can be used for 2–4 applications depending on infestation levels.
Disease prevention in May should focus on black spot, ulcer, leaf blight, and tender shoot scorch diseases. In early May, a Bordeaux mixture (1:2:200) diluted 400–500 times, or 20% high water dispersible granules of "World" diluted 2500 times, or 40% Fuxing Star EC diluted 5000 times can be used. In mid-May, a mixture of 1.5% multi-antibiotics diluted 500 times and 3% Ke Xikang diluted 800 times is effective. At the end of May, spraying with 72% agricultural streptomycin diluted 2500 times is recommended for disease control.
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