Shanting District in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, has developed and demonstrated innovative techniques for sweet potato cultivation based on the experience of local farmers. These techniques, known as the "six changes," have significantly improved seedling production and economic returns. Compared to traditional methods, this approach increases seedling yield by 21.3% and boosts economic benefits by 23.6%. Below is a detailed introduction of the six key improvements:
First, the bed width has been adjusted from a deep bed to a shallow one. Previously, wide beds were used, but now narrow beds are preferred. This change makes operations easier, reduces labor intensity, and improves light exposure for the seedlings, promoting healthier growth. The recommended bed width is between 1.3 to 1.5 meters, with planting depth set at 6 to 8 cm above the ground.
Second, the planting method has shifted from oblique thin rows to a side-by-side arrangement. In the past, seed potatoes were placed head-to-tail in an oblique manner, leading to uneven growth. Now, they are laid flat, with the ends flipped and placed side by side. After placing them closely, people wear soft-soled shoes and gently step on the seed potatoes. Once enough water is applied, a 1 cm layer of nutrient soil is added to ensure even sprouting.
Third, the type of greenhouse has changed from a small arch shed to a column arch shed. This new structure allows more sunlight to reach the seedlings and prevents them from touching the plastic film, which can cause leaf burns. The framework is made from amorphous materials, bent at a 150-degree angle after being heated. The ends are buried 10 cm into the soil, and two frames are tied together to form an arch about 25 cm above the ground.
Fourth, the ventilation method has been improved. Instead of removing the entire plastic cover, the film is lifted only at the ends during the early stages. As temperatures rise, air is introduced through the sides rather than the top. This helps maintain a stable microclimate, preventing sudden temperature fluctuations that could harm the seedlings.
Fifth, the use of fertilizer has been optimized by combining it with a plant growth regulator called 9200. This combination not only shortens the time required for seedling harvesting but also increases yield and profitability. When seedlings grow slowly due to low temperatures, 1 gram of 90% 9200 solution is sprayed evenly over every 10-meter section of the seedbed.
Lastly, the timing of post-emergence fertilization and watering has been adjusted. Previously, seedlings were picked the same day as watering, but this often led to poor wound healing due to high noon temperatures. Now, the process is staggered: seedlings are picked on the first evening, and fertilization is done the next day. This allows the wounds to heal properly over the following nights, supporting better shoot development.
These six changes have proven to be highly effective in improving both the quality and efficiency of sweet potato seedling production, offering significant benefits to farmers in the region.
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