Pruning
Pruning begins in late April. Any new jujube shoots that are not intended to be used as extension branches or fruit-bearing structures should be removed from the base as early as possible. The earlier you prune, the better it is for the tree’s growth and fruit development.
In mid-May, the central shoot of the jujube can be topped before it becomes woody. At this stage, the first branch is still green. Except for maintaining the main branch, extension branches, and lateral branches, other branches should be selectively pruned based on available space. For jujube shoots with large, usable branches, pruning can be done at 7–8 nodes. By late May, when the 8th to 9th leaves of the jujube shoot have unfolded, removing the growing tip helps reduce nutrient consumption, increase fruit set, and significantly boost yield.
Thinning branches starts in mid-May. Delicate shoots that sprout on fresh shoots, stems, or the base of jujube heads and canopy roots should be removed if they are not needed. This helps save nutrients and improve air circulation and light penetration within the tree canopy.
From mid-May onwards, upright branches can be pulled horizontally using a rope to inhibit apical dominance. This technique helps control excessive shoot growth, allows for better nutrient accumulation, and promotes flower bud differentiation, ultimately increasing flowering rates.
Armoring is performed on the main trunk of the jujube tree. It starts 20–30 cm above the base and is gradually raised each year. The distance between two consecutive armoring cuts is about 20 cm, and the width of each cut is 0.3–0.5 cm. Using a knife, the bark is carefully removed down to the xylem, exposing the cambium layer to encourage controlled growth and improved fruiting.
Weeding
After rain or irrigation, timely weeding should be done with a cultivator to a depth of about 10 cm. If manual methods are not enough to control weeds, a 41% glyphosate solution (100–250 ml per 667 square meters) can be applied in mid-to-late May under the tree, targeting weeds without affecting the tree itself. A second application of 72% Dole (50–200 ml per 667 square meters) can help prevent regrowth. Adjustments should be made based on weed presence. However, herbicides must be applied carefully, avoiding contact with leaves and young shoots, especially during flowering and fruiting to prevent damage.
Chemical Regulation
For jujube trees with weak growth, spraying a 0.3% urea solution mixed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate in mid-May can promote growth and flower bud formation. For trees with strong vigor, applying 1500–2000 mg/kg of paclobutrazol or booster when the tree has 7–8 leaves before flowering can greatly enhance fruit set. Paclobutrazol can also be applied to the soil by burying it within 25 cm of the trunk. Mature trees require about 3 grams per plant. It is generally recommended to use it once every two years after the first application.
Pest Control
In early May, focus on controlling major pests such as jujube fruit borer, jujube mosquito, date stickworm, jujube leaf roller, and jujube fruit moth. Effective options include pyrethroid insecticides diluted 2000–3000 times, 15% nicotine acid in ricinoleic acid at 600 times, 10% fast-acting insecticide EC at 1000 times, or 50 ppm nimble III. Apply these treatments 2–4 times depending on pest pressure.
Disease Prevention
In May, focus on preventing diseases such as black spot, canker, leaf blight, and tender shoot scorch. In early May, use a Bordeaux mixture (1:2:200) diluted 400–500 times, or 20% high water dispersible granules of a fungicide diluted 2500 times, or 40% Fuxing Star EC diluted 5000 times. Mid-May applications include a mix of 1.5% multi-antibiotics at 500 times and 3% Ke Xikang at 800 times. By late May, spray with 72% agricultural streptomycin diluted 2500 times to protect against bacterial infections.
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