In the South China Rice Region, effective pre-production management techniques are essential for cultivating early rice. The timing of spring plowing and planting should align with key seasonal markers: before and after Qingming in the southern region, before and after Grains Rain in the central region, and before May 1st in the northern region. Key technical measures include:
1. **Optimized Fertilization and Planting Density**: Base fertilization should include 30 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 7.5 kg of potassium chloride, and 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu. If available, 1000–1500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is recommended. Plant 21,000–25,000 holes per acre, using two seeds per hole for hybrid rice and 4–6 for conventional varieties. Apply 5–6 kg of urea 5–7 days after transplanting, followed by 7.5 kg of urea and 7.5–10 kg of potassium chloride or 12.5–15 kg of compound fertilizer 12–15 days later to strengthen growth.
2. **Water Management**: Maintain a thin water layer (1.5–2 cm) during transplanting and 3–4 cm after. Avoid leaving standing water when transplanting; refill with 1.5–2 cm shallow water. After tillering, keep water depth below 2 cm. Drain the field when tillers reach 200,000 per mu, typically 15–20 days after transplanting.
3. **Pest and Disease Control**: Focus on preventing diseases such as rice blast, leaf sheath blight, and pests like the rice stem borer and leaf roller through integrated management strategies.
In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, early rice planting has been delayed due to late March rains, but warmer temperatures have accelerated seedling growth. If weather remains favorable, transplanting can proceed in mid to late April. Key practices include:
1. **Irrigation Management**: Water seedlings promptly after temperature drops, especially dry seedlings, to prevent wilting.
2. **Ventilation and Hardening**: Remove plastic covers gradually to harden seedlings, especially during high-temperature periods, to avoid damage.
3. **Fertilizer Application**: Apply 3–4 kg of urea per acre after removing the cover, ensuring it is done 3–5 days before transplanting to promote healthy growth.
In the Southwest Rice Region, favorable weather and good seed supply support rice breeding, though some farmers have delayed sowing due to lunar calendar effects. Seed quality this year is lower, leading to uneven emergence and reduced seedling rates. Measures include:
1. **Timely Planting and Sowing**: Ensure timely planting of winter fallow and green manure fields, and adjust planting schedules based on seedling age requirements for mechanical transplanting.
2. **Seed Treatment**: Implement proper seed drying, selection, soaking, and germination to improve germination potential and uniformity.
3. **Monitoring Germination Rates**: Adjust seeding rates based on actual germination and emergence rates. If less than 80%, replant to ensure sufficient seedlings.
4. **Temperature Protection**: Cover seedlings with straw to protect from high temperatures and provide water in the evening if needed.
5. **Disease Prevention**: Monitor and control pests like thrips and aphids, and manage rice blast effectively.
In the Northeastern Rice Area, low temperatures and increased humidity have affected early rice seedlings. To address these challenges:
1. **Optimal Nursery Conditions**: Use vegetable or garden plots for seedlings instead of open fields. If necessary, choose highland areas with good soil structure and build raised beds.
2. **Seed Processing**: Follow strict procedures for drying, selecting, disinfecting, and germinating seeds to ensure strong root development.
3. **Nutrient Soil Preparation**: Mix soils with over 3% organic matter (60–70%) with decomposed compost (30–40%), adjusting pH to 4.5–5.0. Add fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, superphosphate, and potassium sulfate per mu.
4. **Controlled Seeding Rates**: Adjust seeding rates between 150–300 grams per square meter depending on seedling type.
5. **Temperature Regulation**: Ventilate seedlings at 1.5–2.0 leaves, keeping bed temperatures at 25–30°C. At 2.5–3.0 leaves, maintain 20–25°C to prevent excessive elongation.
6. **Pest and Disease Management**: Monitor for bacterial wilt and blight, implementing preventive measures to protect young seedlings.
Extra Light Safety Shoes,Extra Light Comfortable Shoes,Rubber Outsole Shoes,Eva Rubber Outsole Shoes
Brightway Shoes Co., Ltd. , https://www.brightwaysafety.com