The high-temperature season from June to September is a critical period for tilapia growth. During this time, the fish experience rapid development, making it essential to manage farming practices effectively to maximize production and market readiness. To make the most of this warm period, the following strategies should be carefully considered:
First, increasing the water level in ponds is crucial. As temperatures rise, evaporation increases, causing water levels to drop. At the beginning of the season, tilapia are smaller and pond stocking density is lower, but as they grow, the water becomes more crowded. Raising the water level to 2–3 meters helps maintain stable conditions, reduces stress on the fish, and ensures better water quality. Freshwater should be continuously added to keep the environment optimal and support faster growth.
Second, managing water quality is key. Tilapia feed on natural food sources during their early stages, which requires nutrient-rich water. However, during the hot season, excessive fertilization can lead to poor water clarity and low oxygen levels. It's important to reduce fertilizer use, especially in high-density ponds. Water transparency should be kept between 25–30 cm, and fresh water should be regularly introduced to flush out impurities. Quicklime can also be used to adjust pH and improve oxygen levels, ensuring a healthy aquatic environment.
Third, using aeration systems is vital. High temperatures increase oxygen consumption, and with higher stocking densities, dissolved oxygen levels can drop rapidly. Aerator machines should be operated for 1–2 hours in the afternoon to mix the water and distribute oxygen evenly. In high-density farms, aerators should run at night, especially during rainy or sudden weather changes, to prevent fish from suffocating due to low oxygen levels.
Fourth, disease prevention is crucial. The hot season not only promotes growth but also increases the risk of disease outbreaks. Regular monitoring of water quality and fish behavior is necessary. Every 15–20 days, lime should be applied to disinfect the pond and control harmful bacteria. Chlorine dioxide can be used monthly to sterilize the water and feeding areas. Adding herbal medicine to feed can also help boost the fish’s immunity. Feed should be given twice daily, with protein content around 28–30%, and feeding times should last 40–60 minutes to ensure efficient utilization.
Lastly, timely harvesting is essential. As tilapia grow, some need to be removed to reduce pond density and allow others to grow faster. This improves overall productivity and economic returns. Harvesting should take place on sunny days, with feeding stopped and fresh water added beforehand. A net exercise before harvest helps reduce stress on the fish and makes transportation easier.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can optimize tilapia growth during the hot season, ensuring healthier fish and greater profitability.
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