The herb is an annual or biennial plant that typically grows to about one meter in height. It is usually sown before the Autumnal Equinox, specifically during the period just before the White Dew solar term. Once it emerges, it can survive through the winter. The best time for sowing is either before the first frost or when the temperature begins to drop significantly.
Growth conditions: This plant has specific requirements for soil and climate, but it thrives particularly well in fertile, sandy soils that are well-drained.
Seeding method: In the chosen area, apply farmyard manure along with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Plow and level the field to create a flat seedbed, then water it thoroughly. After three to five days, when the soil is no longer sticky to the touch, use a tool to press down the ground and make shallow furrows approximately 33 centimeters apart. Sow the seeds evenly into the furrows and cover them with a thin layer of soil, about 0.5 to 1 centimeter thick. Use around 1.5 kilograms of seeds per plot. At temperatures between 16-20°C, germination should occur within a week.
Field management: Before the onset of winter, water the field thoroughly and cover the plants with a layer of soil and fertilizer after the ground freezes. When the green leaves begin to appear, gently break and flatten the top growth to expose the young seedlings. During the early seedling stage, keep the field consistently moist and free from weeds. When the seedlings reach about 15 cm in height, transplant them, spacing them 20 cm apart. This helps prevent overcrowding, reduces excessive branching, and avoids tall, weak plants that may fall over. After transplanting, apply 15-20 kg of urea per acre along with watering. When the plant starts to bloom, apply a "bullet fertilizer" by adding 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate or urea per acre, and ensure regular watering to help the seeds develop fully.
Pest control: During the growing season, locusts may become a problem. If not controlled, they can cause significant damage and reduce yield. To manage this, spray 40% dimethoate emulsion diluted at 800 times, applying it 2-3 times. Stop spraying two weeks before flowering to avoid affecting the flowers.
Harvesting and processing: The plant is ready for harvest around the time of the "Seedling Festival." It is mature when the pods change from white to green and start to wither. Cut the plants, lay them on the ground, dry them under the sun, shake out the seeds, remove any impurities, and finally dry them until they are completely dry. The best quality is achieved when the seeds are full, pure white, and free from contamination.
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