Petunia, originally from South America, is a low-growing plant, typically reaching 20 to 40 cm in height. Despite its name resembling a cow's ear, it is not related to morning glory. Petunia belongs to the Solanaceae family, while morning glory is part of the Convolvulaceae family. This flower has an erect stem covered with sticky hairs, and its leaves are alternate, with young ones sometimes opposite. The flowers grow singly at leaf axils or at the top, featuring a funnel-shaped corolla with various colors like red, purple, pink, orange, blue, white, and more. It blooms from April to November, and with proper winter care (keeping temperatures above 15°C), you can enjoy it year-round.
Petunias are great for flower beds or balcony pots. When growing them at home, choose slightly transparent, larger pots (20–30 cm in diameter) made of clay for good drainage. Avoid plastic or porcelain pots unless they are well-draining. Place a layer of crushed charcoal or foam blocks at the bottom to prevent root rot. You can also use hanging pots for balconies or windowsills. The ideal soil mix includes 5 parts leaf mold, 4 parts garden soil, and 1 part sand or perlite, with a pH between 5.8 and 6.2. Avoid soils that are too alkaline, as this can lead to yellowing leaves.
Propagation is easy through seeds or cuttings. Sow seeds in spring or autumn, mixing them with fine soil before sowing. Keep the soil moist and place in a semi-shady area. Germination occurs within a week at 18–24°C. Transplant seedlings when they reach 2 cm, then again when they are about 8 cm tall. Pinch the tips to encourage branching. Cuttings can be taken from pruned branches and rooted in loose soil with regular misting. Spring and autumn are best for cuttings, while summer propagation has lower survival rates. Winter cuttings need protection under plastic.
Water moderately, avoiding both drought and waterlogging. Keep the soil slightly moist, especially in spring, summer, and autumn. In winter, allow the soil to dry slightly. In northern regions, add a small amount of ferrous sulfate to the water to counteract alkalinity. Petunias prefer light fertilization—use bone meal or NPK as base fertilizer during planting. Apply diluted nitrogen fertilizer during the seedling stage, but avoid it during flowering. Use NPK every 15 days during blooming, and spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate monthly to enhance bloom and color. No fertilizer is needed in winter.
Petunias thrive in full sun and warm conditions, with an ideal temperature range of 15–25°C. Provide shade during the hottest midday hours if temperatures exceed 34°C. More sunlight leads to better growth and more flowers. Place them on sunny balconies, rooftops, or windowsills. During winter, bring them indoors near south- or west-facing windows, keeping the temperature above 2°C. If it stays above 10°C, they will continue to grow, and above 15°C, they may even bloom. Before spring, after pruning and repotting, apply a light nitrogen fertilizer to revive growth. After two winters, older plants may weaken, so replace them with new seedlings grown in spring or autumn.
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