Yorkshire pigs, also known as Large Whites or Yorkshire breeds, are widely used in hybrid production systems, primarily as maternal lines but can also serve as paternal lines. These pigs have become a cornerstone in modern swine breeding due to their excellent performance and adaptability.
Originating from England in the 18th century, the Yorkshire pig is one of the most renowned lean pig breeds globally. After being introduced to China, they have undergone extensive adaptation and domestication over many years, proving to be highly adaptable to local conditions and farming practices.
One of the key advantages of Yorkshire pigs is their fast growth rate and efficient feed conversion. They also have a high litter size, making them ideal for commercial breeding operations. Additionally, their carcasses are characterized by a high level of leanness, which is highly valued in the meat industry.
In terms of physical appearance, Yorkshire pigs have a large, well-proportioned body. Their ears are erect, their nose is straight, and their back and loin have a slight curve. They have long limbs, a longer head and neck, and a slightly concave face. Their entire body is covered in white hair, hence the name "Large White." Adult boars typically weigh between 250 to 300 kg, while sows range from 230 to 250 kg.
When it comes to fattening performance, Yorkshire pigs grow quickly and efficiently convert feed into weight. By six months of age, they can reach around 100 kg. Under optimal feeding conditions, they can gain approximately 700 grams per day. It takes about 3 kg of compound feed to produce 1 kg of weight gain. At 90 kg, their slaughter rate ranges from 71% to 73%, with a lean meat percentage of 60% to 65%.
In terms of reproductive performance, sows typically give birth to around 11 piglets per litter, with at least seven functional teats. Breeding usually begins when sows are between 8.5 to 10 months old, ensuring a productive and sustainable breeding cycle.
Overall, the Yorkshire pig is a versatile and valuable breed that plays a crucial role in both meat production and crossbreeding programs worldwide. Its combination of growth efficiency, reproductive capacity, and meat quality makes it a preferred choice for farmers and breeders alike.
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