Peach scab is a common fungal disease that affects peach trees, particularly nectarines, which have smooth skin without any hair. This lack of protective covering makes the fruit more susceptible to infection, so growers in nectarine cultivation areas must be especially vigilant about prevention and treatment.
The disease primarily affects the fruit, but it can also damage shoots and leaves. The fruit is usually infected at the top, with symptoms appearing only on the outer layer. Initially, dark green spots appear, which gradually grow into purple-black or reddish-brown lesions. These spots are slightly sunken and often develop a layer of black mold on their surface. As the fruit grows, the affected areas may crack or become deformed due to the corky nature of the lesion.
On the branches, the first signs are small, light brown circular spots that later turn dark brown with a purple border. These lesions may exude a sticky substance. On the leaves, the disease causes gray-green, irregular spots that eventually turn brown or purplish and may fall out, leaving holes in the foliage.
Temperature and humidity play a key role in the development of peach scab. The fungus overwinters on infected branches and becomes active when temperatures rise above 10°C and humidity exceeds 80%. Wind and rain help spread the spores, and warm, wet conditions favor disease progression. The incubation period can last up to 40 days, with symptoms typically appearing six weeks after flowering. Early and mid-season peach varieties tend to be less affected, while late-maturing varieties are more prone to severe infections.
Early symptoms of peach scab are often subtle, with only small dark green spots visible, making them easy to miss. By the time visible lesions appear, the fungus has already penetrated the fruit's skin, making control more difficult. Therefore, prevention is crucial. Spraying with a 3° Baumé sulfur mixture during bud stage and a 5° Baumé lime sulfur solution when buds begin to open is recommended. For foliar applications, 70% wettable powder of 600–800 times dilution can be used, or 50% wettable powder of Fumei zinc at 500–600 times, or 40% Fuxing EC diluted 8,000–10,000 times. Applications should be repeated every 15 days for effective control.
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