I. Agricultural Control
1. Apply fertilizer regularly and use flower-specific fertilizers to enhance tree vitality, strengthen stress resistance, and promote overall health.
2. Timely fruit harvesting is essential, followed by post-harvest garden cleaning, pruning, and suppression of winter shoots. This helps reduce the sources of overwintering pests and diseases, improving the tree's resilience for the next season.
II. Chemical Prevention
1. During the spring shoot (bud) stage and flowering period, it's crucial to monitor litchi shoots and manage pests like the litchi stink bug. A combination of 5% Lubriol 1500 times diluted with 24% Wan Ling agent 1000 times can be used, or alternatively, 20% insecticide EC at 1500–2000 times, or 480g/L Ino EC at 500–800 times. These should be alternated for better control. If there is heavy rain before flowering, Phytophthora capsici and anthracnose are common. To prevent Phytophthora, use 64% Tian Liang WP at 600 times, and for anthracnose, apply 70% Red Day WP at 800 times.
2. During the fruit development stage, focus on controlling pests such as Litchi chinensis and Phytophthora sinicus. The first spray should be applied when about 30% of the litchi pedis emerge, followed by repeat sprays every 5–7 days. Use 4.5% Lufu EC at 1000 times (or 1500 times for 4.5% Green Fortune Emulsion), 480g/L Ino EC at 500–800 times, or 30% Norrhau EC at 500–800 times. Mixing these formulations can improve effectiveness.
3. Encourage strong autumn shoots by applying the first treatment when the shoots are about 5 cm long, then reapply after 10–15 days. Options include 4.5% Green Fortune EC at 1000 times (or 1500 times for Green Fushui Emulsion), 30% Nonhung Van Cream at 500–800 times, 24% Wan Ling Shui at 1000 times, or 480g/L Ino-Neo Cream. Alternating or mixing these products can enhance results.
4. Protect flowers and preserve fruits by spraying 0.01% Tianfengsu EC diluted 3000–4000 times during the bud, young fruit, and fruit development stages. This promotes flower bud differentiation, protects blossoms, preserves fruit, and enhances fruit quality.
5. Manage winter shoots effectively, as they serve as breeding grounds for locusts and cockroaches. During winter and early spring, a foliar spray of 50% Red Far-suspending Agent at 300 times, combined with 30% acephate (Nongwonwang) at 600 times and 40% omethoate at 500 times, can help eliminate overwintering pests and reduce pathogen load in the following season.
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