After a year of growth, the apricot flat tree has used up a significant amount of nutrients. Once the fruit is harvested, it's essential to implement timely tree management practices to replenish the nutrients needed for the tree’s recovery and future development. This helps promote flower bud differentiation, increases the rate of complete flowering, and ultimately improves fruit set in the following year. Here are some specific management strategies:
First, protecting the leaves and strengthening pest control is crucial. After harvest, the leaves play a key role in supplying energy for late-stage flower bud development and storing essential nutrients. Therefore, maintaining healthy foliage and preventing pests and diseases is vital for extending the photosynthesis period and maximizing nutrient production.
Common leaf-damaging pests include aphids, red spider mites, and early defoliation diseases. To manage aphids, you can use a 20% solution of fast-acting insecticide, diluted to 2000–3000 times. For red spider mites, apply 40% amitraz at a concentration of 1200–1500 times. To prevent early defoliation, spray 40% carbendazim WP at 800 times or other suitable fungicides. Any signs of disease should be addressed immediately—cut and remove affected parts as needed.
Second, summer pruning is necessary to open up the light path and improve air circulation. Remove dry, weak, or crossing branches. For weak or drooping fruiting branches, perform proper pruning by shortening or thinning them back to strong lateral branches. If leggy shoots grow within the canopy, consider removing them or redirecting their growth through techniques like bending or tying. For trees with strong growth potential, upright branches can be supported, pulled down, or trained to change direction, which encourages better fruiting. Additionally, for main lateral branches that have a narrow angle, gently pull them out to achieve an ideal angle of around 70 degrees.
Third, improving soil and fertilizer management is essential to enhance the tree’s overall nutrition.
1. Loosening the soil: After harvesting, cultivate the soil to a depth of 5–10 cm to improve root aeration and water infiltration.
2. Deep plowing: This practice enhances soil structure, increases permeability, and aids in the breakdown and absorption of organic matter. The general depth for deep plowing is 30–40 cm, with shallower tilling near the trunk and deeper tilling further away. It can be combined with the application of organic fertilizers.
3. Fertilization: Immediately after harvest, apply a quick-acting fertilizer. A mature apricot tree can receive 0.5–0.75 kg of urea or 0.75 kg of diammonium phosphate, followed by immediate watering. Apply this fertilizer in small amounts below 15 cm of soil. Before the tree sheds its leaves in autumn, apply basal fertilizer, mainly consisting of high-quality farmyard manure mixed with a small amount of potassium phosphate. Apply it along the outer edge of the canopy, 30–50 cm from the trunk. For young trees (5–6 years old), apply 30–50 kg of farmyard manure and 0.3–0.5 kg of superphosphate. For mature fruit-bearing trees, increase the amount to 60–100 kg of manure and 0.6–1.0 kg of superphosphate. During pest control, foliar sprays of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied 2–3 times, followed by watering after fertilization.
4. Drainage: Apricot trees are not tolerant of waterlogging. If there is excessive rain or standing water, ensure proper drainage by digging trenches promptly.
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