Based on my experience in aquaculture, I will focus on the application of new technologies for healthy and efficient ecological breeding of freshwater shrimp and fish, integrating practical production methods for reference. The goal is to optimize pond conditions, improve stocking strategies, and ensure high-quality feed and water management to enhance productivity and shrimp quality.
First, creating an optimal pond environment is essential. The water should be clean, fresh, and meet national fishery standards with dissolved oxygen levels above 5 mg/L, and at least 3 mg/L at the bottom. The pH should be between 7.5 and 8.0. The pond area should range from 2 to 5 mu (about 1.3 to 3.3 acres), with a depth of 1.2 to 1.8 meters. The bottom should be flat with a gentle slope of 1:2 to 1:2.5. Each pond must have 1 to 2 sets of 1–1.5 kW aerators to maintain oxygen levels. Water intake should use 80-mesh filters to prevent wild fish from entering.
Before stocking, it's important to disinfect the pond 7 to 10 days in advance using 75–100 kg/acre of quicklime to eliminate pathogens. After disinfection, add 50–60 cm of water and apply 150–200 kg/mu of fermented organic fertilizer along with 1–1.5 kg/mu of EM microbial preparations to cultivate natural food sources.
Aquatic plants like *Vallisneria* and some aquatic grasses should be planted immediately after filling the pond, spaced 1–2 meters apart. These plants help provide shelter and improve water quality. In shallow areas, bamboo shoots or mesh structures can be added to create three-dimensional habitats, increasing space for shrimp and improving water utilization.
Next, selecting and stocking shrimp properly is crucial. Shrimp should come from well-managed hatcheries rather than self-bred stock to avoid genetic issues. Stocking density should be moderate—around 800,000 to 1 million tails per mu in nursery ponds. Delaying stocking until mid-July can reduce the risk of early sexual maturity, which often leads to smaller marketable shrimp. Adjusting density based on cultivation type helps control growth rates and maximize yield.
Feeding is another key factor. Freshwater shrimp require high-quality pellets with protein content ranging from 35% to 40% during the larval stage and 30% to 32% in later stages. Feeding should follow the “Four Sets†principle—quantity, timing, quality, and location—while adjusting according to weather, water temperature, and water quality.
Water quality management is vital. Shrimp are highly sensitive to low oxygen levels, so regular aeration is necessary, especially during hot summer months. Oxygenation should be increased during evenings and when temperatures rise. Regular water exchanges or the use of beneficial microorganisms like photosynthetic bacteria and EM preparations can help maintain a stable environment. Lime applications every 15–20 days also help regulate pH and improve overall water health.
Introducing compatible fish species such as whitebait or tilapia in late August can help control plankton levels and reduce competition for resources. Stocking around 50–100 fish per mu ensures they consume excess plankton without overloading the system.
Finally, controlling premature maturation and managing shrimp density are critical. Replacing traditional extensive farming with more controlled intensive methods can improve yields. Delaying stocking until early September and adjusting water parameters can prevent early maturation. Using lime treatments can also help manage water quality and reduce stress on young shrimp.
By implementing these practices, farmers can achieve healthier, more productive shrimp farms while maintaining ecological balance.
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