To better protect vegetables from cold damage, several effective measures can be taken. First, enhancing coverage is essential. For open-field vegetables, covering them with straw, shade nets, or plastic films can help block frost, raise ground temperature, and prevent freezing injury. Vegetables such as lettuce, spinach, cabbage, kale, celery, garlic, spring cabbage, and broccoli can benefit from being covered with a film or net to avoid frozen leaves. After snowfall, it's important to promptly remove the snow from the coverings to avoid excessive weight and potential damage.
In greenhouse vegetable production, several steps should be followed. First, reinforce the structure of the greenhouse to prevent wind from lifting the plastic film and to remove snow in time, avoiding structural damage. Second, use small greenhouses within larger ones, cover the films at night, and place straw mats on the film to reduce cold air infiltration from the bottom. Third, install electric lights inside the greenhouse. When there is light snow, turn on the lights for about three hours to increase the internal temperature and promote photosynthesis. Fourth, apply carbendazim and chlorothalonil aerosols to prevent diseases. Lastly, once the weather clears up, gradually remove the coverings, release air multiple times, and slowly warm up the environment to restore normal plant growth and avoid sudden temperature changes that could harm seedlings.
Another important step is to fertilize the soil and increase its temperature. On sunny days, apply warm organic fertilizers like cow or pig manure or compost around the roots of the plants. This can raise the soil temperature by 2–3°C. Combining this with soil cultivation before thawing helps loosen the soil and protect the root system. The recommended cultivation depth is between 7 and 10 cm.
Clearing ditches is also crucial to prevent waterlogging. In low-lying areas where water tends to collect, ensure that drainage ditches are open. After rain or snow, remove the accumulated snow and clear the ditches to drain excess water. This prevents the melting snow from absorbing heat and lowering the soil temperature, which can weaken the root system.
Controlling nitrogen application and using wood ash can improve the cold resistance of crops. Before the onset of freezing temperatures, spray a layer of wood ash over the vegetable plots. This not only helps prevent cold damage but also adds nutrients and effectively controls root rot in cruciferous vegetables.
Lastly, setting up wind barriers can significantly reduce the impact of cold winds. In the northern part of the vegetable field, construct a wind barrier using materials like stalks or bamboo, about 1 to 1.5 meters high. This helps block the cold wind, reducing the risk of freezing damage to the crops.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can better protect their crops during cold weather and ensure healthier, more resilient plants.
Nootropic Products
In China, nervous system drugs are also one of the drugs with the most rapid sales growth in recent years. In 2002, nervous system drugs occupied 5.9% of the entire pharmaceutical market share, and the total sales amount increased by 9.4%.
With the increasing trend of urbanization and aging, the elderly population in China has exceeded 120 million, and the incidence of geriatric diseases, especially mental diseases, is increasing year by year. With the increase of residents' income, the elderly's requirements for quality of life also increase. As a result, the demand for drugs to treat mental illnesses such as Alzheimer's has soared. In WHO drug classification, psychotropic drugs and nootropic drugs are grouped into one class. We briefly analyzed the development trend of this class of drugs through the clinical drug use data collected from more than 300 domestic key hospitals by Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
The overall market size of this class of drugs is about 1.22 billion yuan, the consumption sum increased by 5.0% in 2002, but the sales quantity increased by 11.2%. The main reason why the consumption sum did not increase with the sales quantity is that several main varieties of this class of drugs, such as piracetam, cobalt bin amide and ginkgo biloba leaf, etc. In 2002, the price of selling units fell sharply due to bidding. Among these drugs, ginkgo biloba preparation occupies the largest market share, accounting for more than 1/3 of the market share, ganglioside ester and cobalt bin amide combined also occupy nearly 1/3 of the market share, piracetam and other "sitan" drugs occupy nearly 10% of the market share, the rest of the drugs occupy less than 5% of the market share. At present, more than 20 ginkgo leaf production enterprises, piracetam production enterprises more than 70, have entered the stage of price competition, profit repeatedly diluted.
In the first-line varieties, except ginkgo biloba leaves preparation maintained vigorous vitality, the growth of other varieties were weak, especially the traditional variety piracetam suffered from bidding
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