Taiwan's Daqing jujube, also known as Indian dates or honey dates, was introduced to Fusui County in Guangxi during the 1990s. Since then, it has become a relatively new and popular fruit tree in the region due to its high productivity, small seed size, sweet flavor, early fruiting (with fruits produced in the same year of planting), and high yield. This variety is not only easy to grow but also highly valued for its commercial appeal.
The Daqing jujube exhibits strong resistance to diseases and pests, making it a favorable choice for farmers. However, some common pests and diseases still require attention. The main issues include powdery mildew, anthracnose, epidemic disease, red spider mites, scale insects, and the venomous moth. Below are the characteristics and control measures for these major threats:
**Diseases**
1. **Powdery Mildew**: This disease affects young shoots, leaves, flowers, and fruits. It causes young fruits to drop prematurely, while mature fruits develop brown, slightly sunken spots, reducing their market value.
*Prevention*: Apply 50% sulfur suspension (300 times), 50% carbendazim (800 times), or 20% mancozeb emulsion (1000 times) at the first sign of infection. Repeat every 10–15 days for 2–3 applications.
2. **Anthracnose**: This fungal disease damages both leaves and fruits. Infected fruits show light, sunken lesions that later develop pink moldy layers with needle-like red or black spots when wet.
*Prevention*: Use Tecdo plus Shigong (1:1) diluted 1000 times, or 69% Anke manganese zinc mixed with 75% chlorothalonil (1:1) at 1000 times. Spray regularly for effective control.
3. **Epidemic Disease (Fruit Rot)**: When infected, fruits show brown water-soaked spots and later develop white mold, leading to fruit drop.
*Prevention*: Apply 69% Anke manganese zinc wettable powder (800 times) or 61% Ephenphrine manganese zinc (400 times). Apply 1–2 times depending on severity.
4. **Round Spot Disease**: This affects leaves, starting with small brown spots that gradually expand into circular patterns, eventually causing leaf fall.
*Prevention*: Use 70% thiophanate-methyl (500–800 times) or 50% mancozeb (1500 times). Spray every 7 days for 2–3 times.
**Pests**
1. **Red Spider Mites**: These pests damage leaves, causing yellowing and reduced photosynthesis.
*Control*: Apply 20% chlorpyrifos (1000 times dilution) or 1500 times diluted crown solution.
2. **Scale Insects**: They feed on new shoots and leaves, causing twisting and deformation.
*Control*: Use 25% imidacloprid (1000 times) or 48% flonicamid (1000 times) during the early larval stage.
3. **Venomous Moth (Cabbage Worm)**: Larvae chew leaves, creating holes and damaging foliage. Severe infestations can defoliate plants.
*Control*: Apply 80% dichlorvos EC (1000 times), 2.5% kungfu EC (4000 times), or 20% phoxim (2000 times).
By implementing these management strategies, growers can effectively protect their Daqing jujube crops, ensuring high-quality yields and long-term sustainability.
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