Enhancing the cultivation of fish species during autumn is crucial for improving their survival rate. Proper management practices during this season can significantly boost fish growth and reduce disease risks.
Before releasing fish into the pond, it's important to replace half of the original water with fresh water. Apply 150 kg of organic manure per acre every 9 days, repeating this process 3 to 5 times. For additional fertilization, use nitrogen-phosphorus-based fertilizers such as 1.5 to 2.5 kg of urea and 3 to 5 kg of superphosphate per mu. This should be done once a week, and after each application, add new water to maintain a water transparency of 20 to 30 cm. Every two weeks, apply 10 to 15 kg of quicklime per acre to improve water quality and control pathogens.
Grass carp and other herbivorous species are commonly raised in ponds. A mix of about 30% of insect-eating species like tilapia and catfish can be introduced alongside grass carp. In ponds mainly stocked with tilapia and cod, include around 30% of grass carp. The ratio of carp species should be maintained at 5:1. Stocking density depends on factors such as pond size, depth, fish size, and feed availability. For ponds with a depth of 1.5 meters, stock 3,000 to 4,000 fish per acre, each around 10 cm in length. Ensure that all fish are of similar size for better growth and competition.
Feeding practices vary depending on the fish species. Grass carp and groupers require plenty of fresh green vegetation. For carp species, supplement with more animal-based feeds like snails and worms. Ponds with oysters and squid should have moderate fertilization and water management. In addition to proper fertilization, feed bran, rice bran, and cake meals appropriately. Before and after the first frost, reduce feeding when water temperatures drop. Maintain daily feeding at 3% of the fish biomass. As long as the water temperature remains above 7°C, continue feeding but reduce fertilization and green feed accordingly to avoid overfeeding.
Disease prevention involves regular pond inspections in the morning and evening. Keep the water clean by disinfecting regularly and maintaining good water quality. Feed at fixed times, locations, and quantities, and remove any leftover feed promptly. Administer bait twice a month for five consecutive days. If diseases are detected, diagnose them early and treat them accordingly to prevent outbreaks and losses.
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