Effective fish cultivation during autumn is crucial for improving the survival rate of the species. To ensure optimal conditions, it's important to manage water quality and feeding practices carefully. Before releasing fish into the pond, the original water should be reduced by half, and fresh water should be added. Applying 150 kg of Organic Fertilizer per acre every nine days, a total of three to five times, helps maintain nutrient balance. In addition, applying nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers such as 1.5-2.5 kg of urea and 3-5 kg of superphosphate per mu every seven days can further support growth. After each fertilization, new water should be added to keep the water clarity between 20 and 30 cm. Every two weeks, 10-15 kg of quicklime should be scattered in the pond to improve water quality.
The primary fish species cultivated are grass carp and silver carp, with about 30% of other species like tilapia and loach also being introduced. In ponds dominated by loach and cod, around 30% of grass carp should be included. The ratio of common carp to crucian carp should be maintained at 5:1. Stocking density depends on factors like pond size, depth, fish size, and feed availability. For ponds with a depth of 1.5 meters, approximately 3,000 to 4,000 fish of about 10 cm in length should be stocked per acre. It’s essential that the fish are of uniform size to avoid competition and stress.
Feeding practices vary depending on the fish species. Grass carp and groupers require fresh green feed, while carp species benefit from more animal-based feeds like snails. Ponds focused on oysters and squid should maintain moderate fertilization and water quality. In addition to proper fertilization, bran, rice bran, and cake meals should be provided in appropriate amounts. As the temperature drops before frost, feeding should be adjusted accordingly. The daily feeding amount should be around 3% of the fish biomass. As long as the water temperature stays above 7°C, feeding should continue, but overfeeding should be avoided. Fertilization and green feed should be reduced slightly when necessary.
Disease prevention is key to maintaining healthy fish populations. Regular inspections in the morning and evening help detect early signs of illness. Disinfecting the pond and maintaining good water quality are essential. Feeding should be done at fixed times, locations, and with consistent quality and quantity. Any leftover feed should be removed promptly. Baiting twice a month for five days helps maintain health. If any fish disease is detected, timely diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent outbreaks.
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