In recent years, the number of farmers cultivating strawberries on the outskirts of cities has been steadily increasing. However, achieving both high yields and early maturity remains a challenge, as there are still many aspects of strawberry cultivation that require improvement. Strawberries are highly sensitive to environmental conditions. They can grow continuously when the conditions are favorable, but they also enter dormancy quickly if the environment is not suitable. If the soil is dry and lacks nutrients, the temperature is too low, the seedlings are weak, or the growth is overly vigorous, it can lead to delayed or poor formation of flower buds, which in turn affects the ripening period, yield, and overall quality of the fruit. Therefore, optimizing growing conditions and cultivation techniques is essential for promoting early maturity, high yield, and superior quality.
First and foremost, applying the right amount of base fertilizer is crucial. Typically, 4,000 kg of farmyard manure per acre, or 100 kg of bio-organic compound fertilizer, or 20–25 kg of high-concentration inorganic compound fertilizer should be used. For better-growing seedlings, it's advisable to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2–3 times. For weak seedlings or during the fruiting stage, 15–20 kg of compound fertilizer or 10 kg of urea can be applied. Additionally, using Hui Man Fung active liquid fertilizer at a rate of 100 ml per mu mixed with 50 kg of water, sprayed 2–3 times, is recommended. When using clear water, it’s important to avoid environmental pollution and prevent the fruit from becoming too soft.
Secondly, controlling humidity and breaking dormancy is essential. The ideal temperature for strawberry flowering is between 10°C and 20°C. If the temperature drops below 10°C or rises above 35°C on sunny days, pollination may be poor, leading to deformed fruits. A temperature below 35°C is considered the critical point for dormancy. At -1°C, plants may freeze, and the pistil can be damaged. Strawberries are more resistant to waterlogging, and the optimal relative humidity is 60–70%, meaning the soil moisture should be around 80% of its water-holding capacity. To achieve this, three-layer film coverage is recommended: mulch film, greenhouse film, and a small shed film. On hot, sunny days, ventilation should be done by opening the sides of the greenhouse film. During prolonged heat and drought, small furrow irrigation should be used to maintain proper temperature and humidity, helping the plant form flower buds more quickly.
Third, assisting pollination and managing fruit production is key to improving quality. While strawberries mostly self-pollinate, poor pollination can result in deformed or small fruits. To ensure good quality, artificial pollination should be carried out daily between 10 am and 3 pm. Another method is to place a hive of bees in each greenhouse to aid in pollination. Additionally, it’s important to control the number of fruits per plant—typically around 20 fruits per plant—and regularly remove excess young buds and small fruits. Controlling runners by leaving only 2–3 new shoots per plant will help focus the plant’s energy on fruit development.
Finally, regular removal of old leaves is necessary to prevent pests and diseases. Throughout the growing season, diseased or damaged leaves can appear at any time. Common diseases include viral infections, gray mold, leaf spot, and powdery mildew, while pests like aphids and red spider mites can also be problematic. Prevention methods include maintaining proper temperature and humidity, removing affected leaves promptly, and using chemical treatments such as lime sulfur, insecticides, and quick-acting sulfur for pest control. For diseases, products like polyoxo-pyrazine, K crop bactericidal repair fluid, and Shile can be used for prevention and treatment.
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