The Betta splendens, commonly known as the pearl veil betta, is one of the most stunning and popular fish in the Anabantidae family. Its unique appearance and elegant movements make it a favorite among aquarium enthusiasts around the world.
The pearl veil betta has a striking silver-brown body covered in shimmering, pearl-like spots that give it a luxurious and graceful look. Along the sides of its body, from the base to the caudal peduncle, there are distinct black round spots forming a stripe pattern. One of its most distinctive features is its pelvic fins, which have evolved into long, delicate, golden filaments that move like bamboo sticks, swaying back and forth—almost like a blind person feeling their way forward.
This species is generally peaceful and can be kept with smaller fish. It doesn't show strong food preferences but tends to favor meaty foods. While easy to care for, it thrives best in slightly acidic water conditions. In high pH environments, its colors may fade, making it less visually appealing.
Distinguishing between male and female pearl veil bettas is quite straightforward. Males have long, pointed dorsal and pelvic fins, while females have more streamlined, shorter fins. During the breeding stage, males develop a bright orange or fiery "marriage color" around their eyes, while females become more rounded in the abdomen and appear less colorful overall.
Breeding pearl veil bettas is relatively simple, similar to other betta species. They build floating bubble nests on the water surface, so it's important to provide plenty of floating plants to help the foam stick together. When setting up a breeding tank, no aeration or filtration is needed, as bettas have a special labyrinth organ that allows them to breathe air directly from the surface, even in low-oxygen conditions.
During the breeding process, the male will first create a nest by blowing bubbles at the water’s surface. Once the nest is ready, he will search for the female, who often hides in a corner. After a short chase, the pair will mate. The female will then lie on her side near the nest, and the male will wrap his body around her, pressing her belly to release eggs. He then carefully picks up the eggs in his mouth and places them into the bubble nest.
The entire spawning process can take several hours, and the number of eggs laid can range from 600 to 1000. After spawning, it's advisable to remove the female to prevent the male from attacking her. This allows the male to focus on guarding the eggs without any disturbances.
The male takes great care of the eggs, constantly fanning his pectoral fins to increase oxygen flow and keeping the nest intact. After about 36 hours, the eggs begin to hatch. At this stage, the larvae are still small, with only a tail and no movement. The male continues to guard them closely. After another 24–36 hours, the fry become active and start swimming, feeding on tiny microorganisms.
At this point, the exhausted male should be removed to allow him to recover. After a week, the fry can be fed regular fish food, and they will grow steadily. Within about 10 months, they will reach maturity and be ready for breeding themselves.
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