Summer maize typically begins to sprout 18 to 21 days before the jointing stage. Once it enters the jointing period, its external appearance changes significantly. Early-maturing varieties such as Ludan 50, Dandan 20, and Denghai 9 usually have 4 to 5 expanded leaves and show 7 to 10 visible leaves. Medium-maturing types like Shandong 22, Ludan 98, and Nongda 108 generally have 6 to 7 expanded leaves with 9 to 12 visible ones. Late-maturing varieties, including Denghai 11, Dandan 11, and Dandan 13, display 8 to 9 expanded leaves and 10 to 13 visible leaves. This is the optimal time for top-dressing and fertilizing.
After entering the jointing stage, the stems and leaves grow rapidly, and the tassels begin to differentiate. At this point, the plant's nutrient requirements increase significantly. Timely application of jointing fertilizer helps build a strong structure for high-yield production in the later stages. But how much fertilizer should be applied per acre?
Studies show that in low-fertility soils with limited base fertility, small plant populations, and weak seedlings, yields are between 250 and 300 kg per mu. In such cases, top-dressing should account for 45% to 50% of the total fertilizer. For moderately fertile soils with good base fertility, strong seedling growth, uniform plant population, and dark green leaves, where yields range from 550 to 650 kg per mu, it’s advisable to apply about 30% to 35% of the total fertilizer during the jointing stage. The rest should be reserved for later applications to support rapid growth and the continuous development of male and female inflorescences.
In high-fertility areas with large plant populations, robust seedlings, and yields of 650 to 750 kg per mu, excessive jointing fertilizer can lead to overgrowth. To maintain balanced growth and prevent competition among plants, the jointing fertilizer should be limited to 20% to 25% of the total. The remaining portion should be used for ear formation to promote larger ears, heavier grains, and higher overall yield.
When applying fertilizer, it’s best to use deep furrows rather than broadcasting on the surface. Research shows that applying fertilizer in 5 cm deep furrows increases yield by 10.36% to 12.37%, while 10 cm furrows result in an even greater increase of 12.58% to 16.35%. Therefore, proper top-dressing techniques not only improve fertilizer efficiency but also help establish strong, healthy seedlings.
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