Summer maize typically begins to sprout 18 to 21 days before the jointing stage. As it enters this critical growth phase, the external appearance of the plants varies depending on the variety. Early-maturing types such as Ludan 50, Dandan 20, and Denghai 9 usually have 4 to 5 expanded leaves, with a total of 7 to 10 visible leaves. Medium-maturing varieties like Shandong 22, Ludan 98, and Nongda 108 generally show 6 to 7 expanded leaves, and up to 9 to 12 visible leaves. Late-maturing varieties, including Denghai 11, Dandan 11, and Dandan 13, tend to have 8 to 9 expanded leaves and 10 to 13 visible leaves. This is the optimal time for top-dressing, as the plants are entering a period of rapid growth.
Once corn enters the jointing stage, both the stems and leaves grow vigorously, and the tassels begin to differentiate. At this point, the demand for nutrients increases significantly. Timely application of jointing fertilizer helps build a strong structural foundation for high-yield production in the later stages. But how much fertilizer should be applied per acre?
Research indicates that in low-fertility soils with limited base fertility, small plant populations, and weak seedling growth, yields typically range between 250 and 300 kg per mu. In such cases, applying 45% to 50% of the total topdressing fertilizer during the jointing stage is recommended. For moderately fertile soils with good base fertility, strong seedling growth, and uniform plant populations, where yields can reach 550 to 650 kg per mu, it's best to apply 30% to 35% of the total fertilizer at this stage. The remaining portion should be reserved for later applications to support the rapid development of tassels and silks.
In high-fertility soils with large plant populations and vigorous growth, where yields can exceed 650 to 750 kg per mu, over-application of jointing fertilizer should be avoided. Excessive nitrogen may lead to excessive vegetative growth, which could reduce yield potential. Therefore, jointing fertilizer should account for only 20% to 25% of the total, with the rest saved for later use to support ear development and grain filling.
When applying fertilizer, it's important to use deep furrows rather than broadcasting it on the surface. Studies have shown that applying fertilizer 5 cm deep increases yield by 10.36% to 12.37%, while applying it 10 cm deep results in even greater improvements, ranging from 12.58% to 16.35%. This method enhances nutrient uptake and improves fertilizer efficiency.
Proper timing and technique in top-dressing are crucial for achieving maximum yield and healthy plant development. By following these guidelines, farmers can ensure better crop performance and higher productivity.
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