The entire body of a spider is a treasure, with immense medicinal and economic value. According to the *Compendium of Materia Medica*, spiders have been used in traditional medicine for their detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties. As research into spider venom progresses, the potential for artificial breeding and the development of spider-based products is becoming increasingly promising.
First, the artificial collection of spider species involves several key tools: glass or plastic tubes, vials, tweezers, shovels, magnifiers, incubators, cotton, and collection bags. For trapping, insect nets can be cut into four trapezoidal pieces measuring 20 cm wide by 60 cm long, sewn into mesh bags with 8 cm of cotton cloth at the bottom. The net handles can be assembled using 2–3 knots for better control.
Collection methods vary depending on the spider's ecological habits. It’s best to collect mature individuals with intact limbs and avoid direct handling to prevent bites. When male and female spiders are found together, they should be placed in a glass tube together. For hunting spiders, techniques such as the "shoot-down" method or sweeping with white cloths or plastic trays under branches can be effective. Using bamboo sticks to create vibrations often causes them to fall, which can then be collected with glass tubes or insect nets. Species like wolf spiders, jumping spiders, and trapdoor spiders can be collected this way.
After collection, if the goal is artificial breeding, a magnifier can be used to examine the spider’s chelicerae, female genitalia, and male reproductive structures. This helps identify the sex and ensures proper pairing.
Second, the breeding methods depend on the species. Spiders are carnivorous and often cannibalistic, so it's essential to keep them separate. They have strong survival abilities, tolerating hunger and adapting well to various conditions as long as food, moisture, and shelter are provided. For example, small spiders like those in the lampshade can be kept in small containers, while larger ones may need more space. Wolf spiders, which consume 7–12 insects daily, can survive without food for up to 112 days, showing remarkable resilience.
Hunting spiders that don’t build webs can be housed in smaller containers like glass bottles, tubes, or incubators. Shade breeding works well for large, non-webbing spiders, using a lampshade with a small hole for water and food access. A white porcelain plate beneath the lampshade helps with observation. Plants or substrates suitable for the spider’s habitat can also be added.
Wooden boxes are ideal for web-building spiders like orb-weavers. These boxes should be about 1 meter high with rough inner surfaces for climbing. Each side should have a movable door for easy access. Ventilation is important, and the box can simulate natural conditions with artificial feed and a water container with cotton balls to prevent drowning. As long as food, moisture, and hiding spots are available, spiders can breed successfully. Most species are active from March to October, with peak activity in summer and autumn. After capturing, spiders can be processed fresh, boiled, dried, or stored for later use. Some species can produce over 200 offspring in a year, making them highly valuable for both research and commercial purposes.
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