The Betta splendens, also known as the pearl veiltail, is one of the most captivating and popular tropical fish among aquarium enthusiasts. With its shimmering, pearlescent body and delicate, flowing fins, this species exudes elegance and charm that is hard to ignore.
Its body is a beautiful mix of silver-gray and brown tones, covered in tiny, iridescent spots that resemble pearls. This unique pattern gives it its name and makes it stand out in any tank. Along the sides of its body, from the base of the dorsal fin to the caudal peduncle, there is a row of black, round spots that add to its striking appearance. One of the most distinctive features is the male's long, golden, filamentous pelvic fins, which look like soft, flowing ribbons. These fins move gracefully, often resembling a bamboo stick used by the blind to feel their way forward.
The pearl veiltail is generally peaceful and can be kept with smaller, non-aggressive fish. It doesn’t have strong food preferences and tends to favor meaty foods like brine shrimp or bloodworms. However, it thrives best in slightly acidic water conditions. In high-pH environments, it may struggle to display its full color potential, making it less vibrant.
Sexing the pearl veiltail is quite straightforward. Males have longer, more elaborate dorsal and pelvic fins, with pointed tips, while females have shorter, smoother fins. During breeding season, males develop a bright orange or fiery "marriage color" around their eyes and belly, while females become more rounded and less colorful.
This species is an egg-layer and relatively easy to breed. Like other bettas, the male constructs a bubble nest at the water’s surface. To help stabilize the nest, it’s best to provide floating plants or decorations where the foam can stick. When setting up a breeding tank, you don’t need advanced filtration or aeration systems—betta fish are capable of breathing air directly from the surface, even in low-oxygen conditions.
The breeding process begins when the male starts blowing bubbles to create a nest. Once it’s ready, he will entice the female from her hiding spot. After a brief courtship, the female will lie on her side near the nest, and the male will wrap around her, stimulating her to release eggs. He then carefully gathers the eggs in his mouth and places them into the bubble nest. The entire spawning process can take several hours, with anywhere from 600 to 1000 eggs being laid.
After spawning, it’s important to remove the female to prevent the male from attacking her. The male will then guard the eggs diligently, fanning them with his pectoral fins to increase oxygen flow and keep the nest intact. After about 36 hours, the eggs will hatch into larvae, which remain motionless for a short time. The male continues to care for them until they start swimming freely, typically after another 24–36 hours. At this point, the male becomes exhausted and should be removed to recover.
About a week later, the fry can begin eating small, live foods like baby brine shrimp. They grow quickly and reach maturity in approximately 10 months. With proper care, these beautiful fish can thrive in home aquariums, offering both visual appeal and rewarding breeding experiences.
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