The entire body of a spider is a valuable resource, with significant medicinal and economic potential. According to the *Compendium of Materia Medica*, spiders have been used in traditional medicine for their detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties. As research into spider venom advances, there is great promise in cultivating spiders artificially and developing products derived from them.
First, the artificial collection of spider species involves specific tools and techniques. Essential equipment includes glass tubes (or plastic alternatives), vials, tweezers, shovels, magnifiers, incubators, cotton, and collection bags. Insect nets can be made by cutting white, smooth fabric into four trapezoidal pieces measuring 20 cm wide and 60 cm long, then sewing them into mesh bags with 8 cm of cotton cloth around the edges. The handle can be constructed using 2-3 knots for stability.
Collection methods vary depending on the spider's ecology. It’s best to collect mature individuals to preserve their limbs intact. Avoid handling spiders directly to prevent bites, especially from venomous species. When encountering male and female spiders together, it's ideal to collect them as a pair and place them in a glass tube. For hunting spiders, use a shoot-down method or sweep netting under branches and leaves. A bamboo stick can be used to create vibrations that cause the spiders to fall, which can then be captured with glass tubes or swept up through insect nets. Species like wolf spiders, jumping spiders, and trapdoor spiders are commonly collected this way. After collection, if breeding is intended, a magnifying glass can help examine key features such as the chelicerous limbs, female genitalia, and male copulatory organs.
Second, breeding spiders requires careful management. Spiders are carnivorous and often cannibalistic, so each individual should be kept separately. They have strong survival abilities, capable of enduring long periods without food. As long as they have access to food, moisture, and shelter, successful breeding is possible. For example, small spiders like those in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders) can be raised in lampshades or small containers. They consume 7-12 leafhoppers or flies daily but can survive without food for 34–112 days. Their ability to resist hunger is linked to their high feeding efficiency. However, higher temperatures tend to reduce this resistance.
Hunting spiders don’t build webs, so they can be housed in smaller enclosures like glass bottles, tubes, or incubators. Shade-based systems are suitable for larger, non-web-building spiders, with a small hole at the top for water and food access. A white porcelain plate beneath the shade helps maintain humidity. Plants that mimic natural habitats can be added to support spider behavior. Wooden boxes are ideal for web-building species like orb-weavers, with rough inner surfaces to aid climbing. Each box should have movable doors for easy access and ventilation. Inside, a water incubator with cotton balls prevents drowning, and an artificial feeding device can be placed for convenience.
With proper care, spiders can reproduce multiple times a year, producing over 200 offspring. They are most active from March to October, with peak activity in summer and autumn. Spiders collected during these seasons can be processed fresh, boiled, dried, or preserved for later use. This makes them a promising resource for both medical and commercial applications.
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