Tai'an City, located in Shandong Province, is situated in the central plains region, where agriculture has thrived for centuries. Historically known as a major grain-producing area, the city benefits from fertile soil, a favorable climate, and well-developed transportation networks. These conditions have supported the growth of numerous flour processing enterprises, making it an ideal location for cultivating high-quality special wheat.
Wheat is the most important food crop in Tai’an, and in recent years, the local government has prioritized the development of high-quality special wheat as part of its agricultural restructuring efforts. Despite this progress, challenges remain, including inconsistent wheat quality and neglect of pollution-free production methods, which have led to a lower commodity rate and affected both urban and rural consumers.
To address these issues, extensive research has been conducted over the years on techniques for producing high-quality, high-yield, and pollution-free special wheat. This work has resulted in the development of standardized cultivation practices. By 2003, over 100 million mu of land had adopted these techniques, significantly improving the quality and commodity rate of wheat in the region, bringing about substantial economic and social benefits.
Below are key technical specifications for the production of high-quality, high-yield, and pollution-free special wheat in Tai’an:
**1. Selection of Production Base**
Choose areas with fertile plain soils, particularly brown soil or loam with good water retention. Ensure the base has reliable irrigation and drainage systems, and that the water used is free from industrial pollutants or domestic sewage.
**2. Variety Selection**
Use high-quality special wheat varieties that meet national standards such as strong gluten wheat No. 1 and No. 2. Recommended varieties include Jinan No. 17, Yannong No. 19, Jinmai No. 20, and Wanmai No. 12. These varieties are winter types and cover more than 50% of the total wheat planting area. Seed purity should be at least 99%, and germination rate above 85%.
**3. Soil Fertility and Sowing Techniques**
Apply organic fertilizer at 3000–4000 kg per mu, along with balanced chemical fertilizers: 8 kg of nitrogen, 60 kg of phosphate, and 20 kg of potassium. Use mechanical deep plowing (25–30 cm) every other year to improve soil structure. Before sowing, use flooding compaction to ensure even moisture and better seedling emergence.
**4. Seed Treatment**
Treat seeds with 14% Huaiyang wheat coating agent (125 g per 100 kg of seed) to control pests and diseases. Additional treatments may include Triadimefon or Pseudomonas fluorescens to prevent sheath blight and root rot.
**5. Sowing Time and Density**
Winter varieties should be planted when the daily average temperature is between 16–18°C, typically from September 28 to October 8. Sow at a depth of 3–5 cm, with appropriate seeding rates depending on variety type.
**6. Winter Management**
Replant weak seedlings, perform early field scratching to break up compacted soil, and apply chemical weeding using Quniiling or humming oil. Watering before winter helps protect the plants from frost damage.
**7. Spring Management**
Delay spring fertilizer application, reduce the number of applications, and focus on jointing stage management. Use early spring plowing to control pests and promote root development. Monitor and manage diseases like rust and powdery mildew with appropriate pesticides and fungicides.
**8. Post-Field Management**
Continue pest and disease control using low-toxicity, high-efficiency products. Apply foliar sprays of urea solution during the grain-filling stage to improve protein content. Harvest at the late wax ripening stage to avoid sprouting and ensure quality.
**9. Harvesting and Storage**
Use combine harvesters for efficiency, return straw to the field, and store different varieties separately to maintain quality. Dry wheat promptly after harvest, avoiding exposure to polluted surfaces like asphalt.
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