How to produce large-grain red grapes that meet international export standards is a major concern for most red grape growers. Over the past five years, Meng Peng, a member of the China Grape Association, has drawn inspiration from the management practices of California's red grape industry. Based on the requirements for exporting large and uniform grapes, he has developed and summarized a set of new technologies aimed at improving the size and quality of exported red grapes. These innovative techniques involve the use of plant-derived cell fission activators, "Chibao" and "Bao Mei Ling" as anti-inverse antidotes, non-ionic efficient penetrants, and an amino acid-based high-potassium nutrient solution called "multiple liquids." This technology has been successfully implemented in several key regions in Shaanxi, including Weinan, Xianyang, Baoji, and Tongchuan, as well as in demonstration areas in Yili, Xinjiang, Korla, Qingyang, Gansu, Dunhuang, Shanxi Taiyuan, Linyi, and Yuncheng. As a result, the average grape weight has reached 16–18 grams, with some reaching up to 12 grams. Growers have already experienced the benefits of this advanced method, and now we are sharing these techniques to help more farmers boost their economic returns.
First, promoting Meng’s technology:
1. Purpose: To encourage uniform bud development, consistent flowering, and improved frost resistance.
2. Timing: Apply during spring when branches are being pruned, after the wound flow has stopped and the buds turn green.
3. Concentration: Mix Qibao at 15,000 times, Bao Mei Ling at 7,500 times, "multiple liquids" at 500 times, and add 2,000 times dilution. Use 15 kg of water per application.
4. Application: Spray the shoots thoroughly, focusing on the base of the buds.
Second, elongating the clusters:
1. Purpose: Reduce manual thinning, elongate the clusters, and create space for fruit expansion later on.
2. Timing: Apply 10–14 days before flowering, when inflorescences are 7–10 cm long.
3. Concentration: Mix Qibao at 30,000–40,000 times, plus 2,000 times dilution and "multiple liquids" at 500 times.
4. Application: Spray the entire plant evenly, covering all spikes, stems, and leaves.
Third, the key technique to increase grain size:
First application:
- Time: After full bloom, when the berries are about 3–4 mm in diameter (similar to a match head).
- Concentration: Bao Mei Ling at 7,500 times, "multiple liquids" at 500 times, and 2,000 times dilution.
- Application: Spray all branches and leaves, focusing on the clusters. If the cap is clean, you can add Qibao at 15,000 times.
Second application:
- Time: One week after the first application, when the berries are 4–6 mm in diameter.
- Concentration: Bao Mei Ling at 7,500 times, Qibao at 10,000 times, 2,000 times dilution, and "multiple liquids" at 500 times.
- Application: Focus on the clusters. Within 2–3 days, spray "multiple liquids" at 500 times.
Third application:
- Time: When the berries reach 12 mm in diameter.
- Concentration: Bao Mei Ling at 7,500 times, Qibao at 10,000 times, and 2,000 times dilution.
- Application: Focus on the clusters, either by wetting or soaking them. You can also spray the leaves with "multiple liquids" at 500 times, 1–2 times. Adding phosphorus and potassium fertilizers will enhance results.
Fourth application:
- Time: When the berries reach 14–16 mm in size after the last treatment.
- Concentration: Qibao at 7,500–10,000 times, and 2,000 times dilution.
- Application: Focus on the clusters. Spray the leaves with "multiple liquids" at 500 times.
After this final step, it is recommended to spray the entire plant with "multiple liquids" at 500 times every 5–10 days until harvest.
Important notes:
1. Apply in the early morning before 9 AM or in the late afternoon after 5 PM, when temperatures are cooler and there is no wind. Avoid spraying during midday heat.
2. Both Qibao and Bao Mei Ling are biological preparations. Once mixed, they must be used within the same day and cannot be stored overnight.
3. Two key conditions must be met for successful implementation: First, ensure proper irrigation and fertilization, using organic compost and adequate phosphorus and potassium. Second, maintain strict pest and disease control to protect leaves and flowers.
Upper Limb External Fixation
The wrist joint external fixation fully considers the physiological characteristics of the wrist joint and the structural stability of the biomechanics, so that the metacarpophalangeal joint can be completely bent freely, and the tendons and ligaments of the fingers and wrists can be relatively relaxed. Moreover, the insertion method, length and stress of the bone traction needle are also considered, and the overall force of the bone traction needle is relatively uniform.
The ulna radius external fixator fractures is relatively simple, generally unilateral fixation, or simple combination fixation, generally should not fix the upper and lower radioulnar joints. Radial external fixation stenting has a good effect on the treatment of fracture. Premature removal after surgery is not appropriate, which is easy to cause dislocation and affect fracture healing. Functional exercise can be carried out gradually after four weeks of plaster external fixation, when the wrist joint function should gradually return to normal.
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