Winter jujube is known for its thin, crisp flesh, small seed, high sweetness, and unique flavor, which has made it increasingly popular among consumers. As a result, the market demand has outpaced supply. However, improper management in orchards often leads to low yields and poor profitability. To address this issue, we have developed an early-stage high-yield management technique that allows for a yield of up to 300 kilograms per acre within the first year.
First, site selection is crucial. The orchard should be located on fertile, well-drained land with a flat terrain and loamy soil. This ensures optimal growth conditions for the trees.
Second, planting time is best during autumn, which gives the trees a chance to establish strong roots before the growing season begins.
Third, the planting density should be 1 meter by 2 meters, allowing for about 333 plants per acre. Proper spacing helps prevent overcrowding and promotes better air circulation and light penetration.
Fourth, selecting healthy seedlings is essential. Choose seedlings that are at least 1.5 meters tall, with a stem diameter of over 1.2 cm, a complete root system, and no signs of pest damage.
Fifth, when planting, dig a square hole measuring 80 cm on each side. Add base fertilizer and water thoroughly before planting. Soak the roots in a 50 mg/kg ABT1 rooting powder solution for one hour before planting to promote root development.
After planting, proper care is critical. Immediately after planting, whitewash the trunk to protect it from sunscald. Before winter sets in, pour frozen water around the base and mound 30 cm of soil around the trunk. Cover the area with grass to protect against freezing and rabbit damage.
In spring, once the soil thaws, remove the mulch and lift the grass cover. Apply a 1-meter square mulch around the trunk to raise the ground temperature and retain moisture, helping the tree survive the transition.
When the jujube starts to flow sap, gently bend the trunk to a 120-degree angle and secure it with a bamboo frame to prevent cracking at the grafting point. Remove the top of the tree and select a strong main bud on the trunk. Prune secondary branches above the main bud to encourage vertical growth. Choose two strong lateral shoots below the main bud and cut back any buds and branches above them. Leave 1 cm stubs on smaller branches and seal the cuts with wax to prevent sap loss and support the growth of the main bud.
After budding, remove any buds that grow outside the central stem and the two main branches to conserve nutrients and focus growth on the desired structure. Monitor for pests and treat them promptly if detected.
Foliar spraying is also important, especially in the early stages when the roots are still weak. After the jujube sprouts, spray the leaves every 15 days with a diluted fertilizer solution to provide essential nutrients.
During flowering, manage the flower buds carefully. Thin out excessive flowers, leaving 1–2 inflorescences per cluster to improve fruit set. Perform ring-barking on the central branch in the early flowering stage, making 2–3 rings spaced 5–10 cm apart. At the first and full flowering stages, apply a mixture of 10–20 mg/kg gibberellic acid and 0.3% borax to enhance pollination and fruit development.
Finally, after fruiting, perform topping on the central stem and main branches to concentrate nutrients on the developing fruits. Regularly monitor and manage diseases and pests to ensure a healthy and productive harvest. With these techniques, you can achieve higher yields and better quality winter jujubes in a short period.
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