Winter jujube is known for its thin, crisp texture, small pit, high sweetness, and unique flavor, which has made it increasingly popular among consumers. As a result, the market demand has outpaced supply. However, improper management in orchards often leads to low yields and poor returns. To address this issue, we have developed an early-stage high-yield management technique that allows growers to achieve up to 300 kilograms per acre (1/15 hectare) within the first year of planting.
First, site selection is crucial. The orchard should be located on fertile, well-drained land with a flat terrain and loamy soil to ensure optimal growth conditions.
Second, the best time to plant is in the autumn, allowing the roots to establish before the next growing season.
Third, planting density should be maintained at 1 meter by 2 meters, resulting in approximately 333 plants per acre.
Fourth, when selecting seedlings, choose those that are at least 1.5 meters tall, with a stem diameter of over 1.2 cm, a healthy root system, and no signs of pest damage.
Fifth, during planting, dig holes measuring 80 cm on each side, add base fertilizer, and water thoroughly before planting. Soak the roots of the seedlings in a solution of 50 mg/kg ABT1 rooting powder for one hour prior to planting to promote root development.
After planting, proper care is essential. Immediately after planting, apply whitewash to protect the trunks from sunscald. Before winter, pour frozen water around the base and create a 30 cm mound of soil, covering the trunk with grass to prevent freezing and damage from rabbits.
In spring, once the soil thaws, remove the grass cover and lift the mound two or three times to allow air circulation. Place a 1-meter square mulch around the trunk to raise soil temperature and retain moisture, aiding in the survival of the young trees.
Once the jujube starts to flow, gently pull the trunk to align it between the rows, ensuring the grafting point remains intact. Secure a bamboo frame at the grafting interface, bend the trunk to a 120-degree angle, and prune the top of the tree. Select a strong main bud above the bent area, cut off any secondary branches above it, and use this as the central leader. Choose two strong shoots below the main bud and trim any buds and secondary branches above them. Make cuts 1 cm above these buds, and remove any secondary branches under 40 cm. Leave 1 cm stubs on smaller branches and seal the cuts with wax to prevent sap loss and promote healthy growth.
After budding, remove any buds growing outside the central leader and the two main branches to conserve nutrients and direct energy toward the main structure. Monitor for pests regularly and take immediate action if any infestations are detected.
Foliar spraying is important for newly planted seedlings, as their root systems are still weak. Spray the leaves every 15 days after the jujube sprouts, but keep the concentration low to avoid damage.
During the flowering stage, with proper care, the trees will develop many flower buds. To reduce competition for nutrients, thin the flowers by removing the lower ones and leaving 1-2 clusters per fruit cluster. In the early flowering period, make 2-3 rings around the central branch, spaced 5-10 cm apart. At the first and full bloom stages, spray a mixture of 10-20 mg/kg gibberellic acid and 0.3% borax to enhance fruit set.
Finally, after the fruit begins to develop, perform topping on the central leader and main branches to concentrate nutrients on the fruit and ensure better quality. Regularly monitor for diseases and pests and treat them promptly to maintain tree health and maximize yield.
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