In order to maximize the use of limited space within greenhouses and improve economic returns, many regions have adopted intercropping systems involving citrons and other crops. These practices not only optimize land usage but also enhance productivity and profitability. Some successful intercropping models include:
1. **Toona sinensis (Chinese mahogany) - Water Radish - Cucumber Intercropping**
This method involves using 1- to 2-year-old dwarf citron seedlings spaced 50 cm apart with a planting distance of 10–15 cm. In mid to late December, cucumber seedlings are planted in the greenhouse. After harvesting the first batch of musk sprouts in mid-February, cucumbers are transplanted into another area, and two rows of water radish are sown between the citron rows. Once the radishes are harvested in early April, the soil is fertilized, and large cucumber seedlings are planted. These seedlings serve as supports for the cucumbers, improving their growth and management. By mid-May, both cucumbers and citrons are harvested, continuing until the end of June. When the citron is pruned, the cucumbers are pulled. This system yields approximately 500 kg of alfalfa sprouts, 4,500 kg of carrots, and 4,000–4,500 kg of cucumbers per 1,000 square meters, offering substantial economic benefits.
2. **Toona sinensis - Edible Fungi Intercropping**
Edible fungi are cultivated in shaded areas of the east and west gables of the greenhouse, as well as along the northern wall where no direct sunlight reaches. This approach effectively utilizes underused space and energy within the greenhouse. During the day, the Toona sinensis trees perform photosynthesis, absorbing COâ‚‚ and releasing oxygen, while the fungi undergo respiration, consuming oxygen and releasing COâ‚‚. This creates a balanced microclimate that meets the needs of both plants and fungi, boosting overall yield and making it an ideal model for widespread application.
3. **Toona sinensis - Tomato (Cucumber, Zucchini) Intercropping**
Tomatoes are intercropped with Toona sinensis, with a 1.1-meter-wide flat bed for the tree and 0.8–1.0-meter-wide sorghum beds for tomatoes. The row spacing is 0.5 meters, with 0.3 meters between plants. For cucumbers, a similar layout is used, with 1.1-meter-wide beds for the leaves and 0.7-meter-wide sorghum beds for the cucumber rows, maintaining the same spacing. Cucumbers are usually nursed in mid to late December and transplanted in mid-February of the following year. For zucchini, a single-row planting at 1 meter wide with 0.4–0.6 meters between plants is recommended, and zucchini should be started earlier, with transplanting done 5–7 days after seedlings are established.
4. **Shannon, Glutinous Rice, Vegetables, Green Tea, and Seedling Cultivation**
In early March, seedlings are prepared and warmed up in early April before being transplanted. After raising the seedlings, the soil is fertilized, and crops such as tomatoes, green peppers, or eggplants are planted. To ensure early harvests, these crops can be transplanted using large seedlings grown in nutrient-rich media like compost or soil blocks. This ensures strong, healthy plants ready for transplanting and quick establishment in the greenhouse environment.
These intercropping techniques demonstrate how strategic planning and crop selection can significantly increase productivity and sustainability in greenhouse farming.
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