Snail farming in small water or rice fields can bring significant economic returns for farmers. Here is a detailed introduction to the technology and practices involved in snail cultivation:
First, site selection plays a crucial role in successful snail farming. The breeding area should have a consistent water supply, clean water, nutrient-rich soil, and easy access for transportation. Ideally, the site should have running water to maintain good water quality and promote healthy snail growth.
Next, constructing the snail pond is essential. A typical snail pool is about 1.5 to 1.6 meters wide and 10 to 15 meters long. The depth of the pool should be around 50 centimeters, with two inlets and outlets for water flow. A barrier should be installed to prevent snails from escaping. In the center of the pond, aquatic plants such as white peony can be planted. This not only enhances land productivity but also creates a natural and favorable environment for snails to thrive.
Regarding stocking density and feeding management, it's recommended to stock approximately 100 to 120 snails per square meter. Additionally, a few fish species like silver carp can be introduced to help control algae and maintain water balance. Snail breeding usually starts in March.
For feeding, farmers should first apply organic waste to stimulate the growth of plankton, which serves as a natural food source for snails. The amount of fertilizer depends on the condition of the pond bottom. After placing snails in the pond, they can be fed with green vegetables, rice bran, fish offal, or vegetable and bean cakes. These feeds should be chopped or soaked to make them easier for snails to consume. Feeding is typically done once every two to three days, with an amount equal to 1-3% of the total snail weight. Feed placement can vary, and it’s not necessary to use the same spot each time. However, if the temperature drops below 15°C or rises above 30°C, feeding should be suspended.
Water quality management is another key aspect. Regular water changes are important, especially during the breeding season. It’s best to keep the water flowing, using stream water in hot weather and slow-moving water in spring and autumn. The water depth should be maintained at around 30 cm. pH levels should also be monitored, and lime (0.15–0.18 kg per square meter) should be added every 10–15 days to keep the pH between 7 and 8.
Finally, winter care is essential. When the water temperature drops to 8–9°C, snails begin to hibernate. During this period, they burrow into the soil, leaving a small opening for breathing. Although they don’t eat during hibernation, the pond must still have a water depth of 10–15 cm. Water should be changed every 3–4 days to ensure sufficient oxygen levels and maintain a healthy environment for the snails.
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