Snail farming in small water or rice fields can bring significant economic returns for farmers. Here's a detailed guide on modern snail farming techniques:
First, choosing the right breeding site is crucial. The location should have a steady water supply, clean water, and rich humus soil. It should also be easily accessible for transportation. Running water is ideal for maintaining good water quality and promoting healthy snail growth.
Next, constructing the snail pond. A typical snail pool is about 1.5 to 1.6 meters wide and 10 to 15 meters long. The pond should be filled with a layer of oyster shells, approximately 50 centimeters high, to help maintain moisture and provide a suitable environment. Two inlet and outlet pipes are installed, along with a barrier to prevent snails from escaping. In the center of the pond, rare aquatic plants like white peony are planted. This not only enhances land productivity but also creates a natural and beneficial ecosystem for the snails.
Regarding stocking and feeding management:
1. Stocking density: Generally, 100 to 120 snails per square meter are placed, along with about 5 carp species per square meter to help control algae. Snail farming usually starts in March.
2. Feeding: Initially, organic waste is added to the pond to cultivate plankton, which serves as food for the snails. The amount of fertilizer depends on the condition of the pond bottom. After the snails are placed, they are fed green vegetables, rice bran, fish offal, or vegetable and bean cakes. These ingredients should be chopped and mixed with rice bran for better digestion. Bean cakes and similar feeds need to be soaked before feeding. The daily feeding amount is typically 1-3% of the total snail weight, given every 2-3 days. Feeding times should vary, and it’s not necessary to fix a specific spot. During cold temperatures below 15°C or high temperatures above 30°C, no feeding is required.
3. Water management: Regular water changes are essential to maintain good water quality, especially during the breeding season. It’s best to keep the water flowing, particularly in summer, using running water. In spring and autumn, micro-flow systems work well. The water depth should be maintained around 30 cm. Additionally, pH levels should be monitored and adjusted. If the pH is too low, lime (0.15–0.18 kg per square meter) is applied once every 10–15 days to maintain a pH level between 7 and 8.
4. Winter care: When the water temperature drops to 8–9°C, snails begin hibernation. They burrow into the soil, leaving a small opening for breathing. Although they don’t eat during this time, the pond must still maintain a water depth of 10–15 cm. Water should be changed every 3–4 days to ensure proper oxygen levels and protect the snails from freezing conditions.
By following these steps, farmers can efficiently manage their snail farms and maximize profits while ensuring sustainable and eco-friendly practices.
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