Some farmers choose to mound the soil up to 30 to 40 cm or even higher when planting fruit trees, believing this practice helps the trees grow better. However, this is a misconception. Mounding the soil too high can actually be harmful. One of the main issues is that it restricts the roots' ability to breathe properly, which is essential for their health and development. Additionally, the mounded soil can limit the activity of beneficial aerobic bacteria in the soil. These bacteria play a crucial role in breaking down organic matter into nutrients that the tree's roots can absorb. When this process is hindered, the tree's root system cannot access enough nutrients, leading to reduced photosynthesis and less energy for growth.
Furthermore, excessive mounding can cause the formation of "double roots" — new roots that grow in a limited space, competing with each other for water, nutrients, and oxygen. This competition weakens the overall root system. In the fall, when these new roots dry out, they often die due to lack of moisture, especially if the mounds are not properly maintained. This results in significant nutrient loss and can ultimately harm the tree’s long-term health.
On the other hand, if there is not enough soil around the tree, it can also be problematic. Insufficient soil restricts root growth, which affects the development of the trunk, branches, and leaves. During the rainy season, excess water can accumulate in the planting hole, leading to root rot. In winter, snow and ice can freeze the roots, further damaging the tree.
The ideal height for the soil mound is about 10 cm above the ground. It should not be compacted again, as this can prevent proper drainage and cause water to pool. Allowing the soil to settle naturally ensures good aeration and prevents waterlogging, creating a healthier environment for the tree's roots. By maintaining the right balance, farmers can support strong, sustainable growth for their fruit trees and other landscape plants.
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