(1) Artificial breeding plays a crucial role in successful fish reproduction. The quality of broodstock is essential, and the parents should weigh over 10 kilograms. During the breeding period, they can be fed fresh feed such as small fish, livestock, or poultry, or high-protein artificial compound feeds with more than 40% crude protein. Regular water flushing is important, especially one month before spawning, to enhance water stimulation. When the water temperature is suitable, females with swollen, soft bellies and visible ovarian outlines, along with red gonads, are selected. Males should be stimulated to release sperm by gently pressing their abdomens. For artificial insemination, the male-to-female ratio is 2:1, while for natural spawning, it's 2:3. Common oxytocic drugs used in fish farming can be administered via one or two injections. At a water temperature of 22-23°C, the effect lasts around 12-14 hours. Timing is critical during artificial insemination—accurate identification of estrus is necessary to collect eggs and extract sperm promptly. Mix them thoroughly to ensure full fertilization. Hatching methods include natural hatching, detached hatching, and non-stick hatching. Incubation tanks or small cages are commonly used, with an ideal water temperature range of 23-25°C (17-28°C is acceptable).
(2) Fry cultivation requires ponds of 25-100 square meters with a depth of 0.8-1 meter. Stocking density should be 1000-1500 fry per square meter. Once the yolk sac disappears and swimming behavior becomes normal, feeding can begin. Fry can be fed boiled egg yolks, rotifers, or copepods. As they grow, they can be transitioned to leeches, midge larvae, earthworms, or small fish. Alternatively, silkworm pupae powder, pig blood, or commercial feeds can be used. It’s important not to mix fry of different ages in the same pond. Since bigmouth carp are light-sensitive, it’s recommended to cover the fry pond. After 10-15 days of growth, when the fish reach about 3 cm in length, they should be moved to separate ponds.
(3) Fish breeding involves raising young fish from 3 cm to 10-12 cm in size, typically taking 30-40 days. This is a critical phase where fish must transition from live food to artificial feed. It’s also a time of intense competition among fish. Water clarity should be moderate; when the water is too clear, self-mutilation tends to increase. Providing preferred feed and regularly cleaning the pond, as well as sorting fish into separate pools, is essential. Once the fish reach 5 cm, they should be introduced to transfer feed—artificial feed mixed with attractants like fish gills, shrimp shells, or animal livers. The transfer process usually takes 7-12 days. Feed them 2-3 times daily, at 15-20% of their body weight. When 70% of the fish can consume artificial feed, switch to full artificial feeding twice a day. The feed should contain 42-48% crude protein, 8-10% crude fat, 25-30% carbohydrates, 6-8% fiber, and added vitamins and minerals. Proper management and disease prevention are key to ensuring healthy growth.
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