Rice is one of the three major food crops in the Yellow River Irrigation District and also the crop that consumes the most water in the region. The water usage per mu is 3-4 times higher than that of wheat. By adopting water-saving irrigation techniques and standardizing drought-resistant breeding and sparse planting methods, farmers can save about 400 square meters of water per acre compared to traditional irrigation. This approach not only reduces water use by over 30% but also increases yield by more than 10% and boosts income by 100-150 yuan per acre.
To achieve these benefits, several key steps should be followed:
1. **Selecting Appropriate Water-Saving Varieties**: Choose medium-early ripening, high-quality, and stable varieties such as Ningxiang No. 24 (97XW-723), Fuyuan No. 4 (96D10), Ningyan No. 27 (Ji T39), and Chaoyou No. 1. These varieties are known for their water efficiency and strong yield potential.
2. **Applying Early Breeding Techniques**:
- Perform proper seed drying, selection, disinfection, and soaking—this process should last 8-10 days to protect the seedlings.
- Select suitable paddy fields with good drainage and protection from wind or vegetables.
- Prepare a seedbed with an area of 10 meters by 1.8 meters and plow it more than three times after initial leveling.
- Use farmyard manure for fertilization, limit nitrogen, and add phosphorus and potassium to improve drought resistance.
- Plant dry seedlings using hand-picked pods to remove damaged membranes. Sow early, ensure sufficient base water, and plant on the same day. For hand transplanting, use 200–300 grams of seeds per square meter; for machine sowing, 600 grams per square meter.
3. **Controlling Watering Frequency**:
- Allow seedlings to grow under near-dry conditions, minimizing watering after emergence.
- Water when the field is dry in the morning and evening, or when leaves show signs of wilting due to dryness.
- The first irrigation should occur 10–12 days after sowing, with only 2–3 irrigations throughout the growing period, promoting deep root development.
4. **Ventilation and Hardening Off Seedlings**:
- Gradually introduce ventilation once the soil is partially exposed. Start with short ventilation periods at noon and increase gradually.
- Ventilate for two hours during cloudy days but maintain bed insulation during colder times.
5. **Reducing Irrigation Surface and Improving Soil Preparation**:
- Keep the irrigation surface within 0.8–1.0 mu.
- Implement dry tillage, dry leveling, and dry land preparation to reduce water loss.
- Ensure the height difference between fields does not exceed 3 cm.
6. **Reapplying Base Fertilizer**:
- Apply 80% of the total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers during the final shallow plowing.
- Reserve the remaining 20% for application during tillering and panicle formation stages.
7. **Efficient Transplanting**:
- Focus on rapid transplanting after quick soil preparation. The ideal transplanting period is May 10–20.
- Plant at a density of 30 cm x 13 cm, with 2–3 seedlings per hole. In areas with severe water shortages, increase the number of plants by 10% for close planting.
8. **Water-Saving Control After Transplanting**:
- Maintain a thin water layer after transplanting to help seedlings recover, but avoid sunburn.
- Adjust irrigation depth if temperatures are low.
- Do not maintain a water layer after each growth stage unless topdressing is applied. Re-water when the soil reaches the irrigation threshold based on visual indicators.
9. **Preventing Rice Blast Diseases**:
- Regularly monitor the field for signs of disease and take prompt action to prevent and control outbreaks.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve water efficiency, increase productivity, and enhance profitability while maintaining environmental sustainability.
Dried Fillet,Fried Fillet,Fried Fillet Of Fish,Dried Cod Fillet
Yanji Yongzhen Food Co., Ltd , https://www.yanjiyongzhenfood.com