Rice is one of the three major food crops in the Yellow River Irrigation District and is also the most water-intensive crop in the region. The water consumption per mu is 3-4 times higher than that of wheat. By implementing rice water-saving irrigation techniques and standardizing drought-resistant cultivation and sparse planting methods, it's possible to save about 400 square meters of water per acre compared to traditional irrigation. This approach can reduce water use by over 30%, increase yield by more than 10%, and boost income by 100 to 150 yuan per acre.
1. Choose suitable water-saving rice varieties, such as Ningxiang No. 24 (97XW-723), Fuyuan No. 4 (96D10), Ningyan No. 27 (Ji T39), and Chaoyou No. 1, which are medium-early maturing, high-quality, and stable in production.
2. Apply early seedling techniques to cultivate strong seedlings:
- Perform proper seed drying, selection, disinfection, and soaking for 8–10 days to protect the seedlings.
- Select a paddy field with good irrigation and drainage, or use dry land or garden areas in Xiangyang.
- Prepare a seedbed of 10 meters by 1.8 meters, plow it more than three times after leveling.
- Use farmyard manure for fertilization, reduce nitrogen fertilizer, and add phosphorus and potassium to enhance drought resistance.
- Plant dry seedlings using hand-picked pods, remove damaged membranes, and ensure early sowing with adequate bottom watering on the same day.
- For manual transplanting, plant 200–300 grams of seeds per square meter; for machine sowing, use around 600 grams per square meter.
3. Control irrigation frequency. After emergence, allow seedlings to adapt to dry conditions and minimize watering. Water only when the soil is dry in the morning and evening, or when leaves show signs of rolling due to dehydration. The first irrigation should occur 10–12 days after sowing, and only 2–3 irrigations are needed during the entire growth period to promote root development.
4. Ventilate seedlings properly to control leaf sheath growth. Begin ventilation gradually at noon when about one-third of the soil is exposed. Continue increasing ventilation until the film is removed before sunrise, and ventilate for two hours on cloudy days while maintaining bed insulation.
5. Reduce irrigation area and improve soil preparation quality. Keep the irrigation surface within 0.8–1.0 mu. Implement three dry preparation steps: dry plowing, dry leveling, and dry field management. Ensure the height difference between fields does not exceed 3 cm.
6. Apply base fertilizer effectively. Combine full-layer fertilization with the final shallow plowing. Apply 80% of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers throughout the growing season, and use the remaining 20% as tiller and panicle fertilizers to maximize nutrient efficiency.
7. Focus on rapid transplanting and reasonable spacing. Transplant seedlings between May 10th and 20th, with a planting density of 30 cm by 13 cm, placing 2–3 seedlings per hole. In areas with severe water shortages, increase the number of plants by 10% for closer planting if necessary.
8. Practice water-saving irrigation after transplanting. Maintain a thin layer of water to help seedlings recover and avoid sunburn. Adjust irrigation depth based on temperature. After each growth stage, stop maintaining the water layer unless topdressing is applied. Re-water when the soil reaches the irrigation threshold, as indicated by visual cues.
9. Prevent rice blast disease by closely monitoring the field and taking timely action to control any outbreaks. Regular observation is essential to ensure healthy growth and prevent significant losses.
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