**1. Prepare for Cold Weather**
Before winter arrives, no matter the size of your chicken farm, it's essential to conduct a thorough inspection and maintenance of the poultry house. Seal any cracks in the walls, replace broken windows, and prepare materials like plastic sheets and straw curtains to insulate the area. For semi-open houses, remove the pergola and cover the back window with plastic. Ensure that heating systems are in good working order, especially if you're using coal-fired boilers. Check flues and chimneys for leaks and repair or replace them as needed to avoid potential hazards.
**2. Focus on Daily Management**
During feeding and egg collection, always observe the flock’s behavior, appetite, and water intake. Pay close attention to the color and consistency of their droppings. If you notice any signs of illness—such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or abnormal feces—remove the affected birds for further examination and treatment. Chickens are sensitive during seasonal changes, so handle them gently during feeding, watering, egg collection, and cleaning to prevent stress-related issues that could lead to reduced production or disease outbreaks. For free-range chickens, make sure they are brought indoors at night when temperatures drop. Keep an eye on weather forecasts and take proactive steps to keep them warm.
To encourage layer hens to eat more, consider adding extra feed at night, ideally before turning off the lights. When changing feed, do it gradually over 2–3 weeks to avoid sudden stress. This helps maintain productivity and health.
**3. Adjust the Flock Properly**
Before winter, remove low-producing older hens and thin young ones. Separate hens that have completed natural molting into new groups, focusing on those with bright red combs, wide pelvic bones, soft vent, and a pliable abdomen. When reorganizing flocks, be cautious—introducing new chickens can disrupt the social hierarchy, leading to fights. Keep group sizes between 100 and 200 to minimize conflict. Monitor the flock closely after adjustments and intervene quickly if aggression occurs. Isolate aggressive hens or those that are injured to protect the rest of the flock.
**4. Maintain Cleanliness and Disinfection**
Autumn brings cooler temperatures and higher humidity, creating ideal conditions for bacteria to thrive. It’s also a peak time for infectious diseases. Regular disinfection of the environment, equipment, and water is crucial. In enclosed chicken houses, spray the air weekly with a 100:1 dilution of disinfectant. Use 10–20% lime water or 3–4% caustic soda for outdoor areas. Clean and disinfect feeders, waterers, buckets, and tools regularly with 0.01% bactericidal toxin or 100 ppm chlorine. Vehicles and cleaning tools should also be sanitized frequently. For drinking water, use disinfectants like bactericidal net or 100 ppm chlorine, but ensure proper dilution to avoid residue and maintain safety.
**5. Ensure Vaccination Coverage**
In autumn and winter, poultry are at risk for diseases such as Newcastle disease, avian influenza, fowl cholera, infectious rhinitis, bronchitis, laryngotracheitis, and pox. Prevention starts with good hygiene and timely vaccination. Review vaccination schedules and records carefully, and vaccinate any unvaccinated or under-vaccinated birds based on local disease trends. Ensuring full coverage protects your flock from serious health threats and keeps them safe through the colder months.
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