Wheat foliar fertilizer is a highly effective method to boost crop yield. To maximize the efficiency of this practice, it's essential to follow four key principles:
1. **Timing of application is crucial**. According to research, applying foliar fertilizer during the booting to full heading stage of wheat significantly extends the leaf's functional period and increases grain yield. This is considered the most effective time for spraying. Additionally, avoid spraying during midday when temperatures are high, as evaporation increases and nutrient absorption decreases. It's best to spray between 9:00 am and 11:00 am or after 2:00 pm on sunny days, and avoid spraying if heavy rain is expected within 24 hours.
2. **Fertilizer type and concentration should be adjusted based on plant condition**. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and wood ash contain phosphorus and potassium, which help promote nutrient synthesis and improve grain filling while enhancing resistance to lodging. Urea can improve grain quality and prevent early aging. For normal or vigorous wheat, a 0.3% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is recommended. For weak or yellowish seedlings, adding 1%-2% urea solution or diluted cooked urine can be beneficial. If purple-red spots appear on the leaves or leaf sheaths, indicating phosphorus deficiency, a 2%-3% calcium superphosphate leachate should be used. For dense, vigorously growing plants, a 10% wood ash leachate is suitable.
3. **Spraying technique matters**. The fertilizer solution must be sprayed directly onto the green stems, ears, or the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves where stomata are abundant. Ensure even coverage, and use fine mist for better absorption. In fields with poor growth or during dry, hot wind conditions, consider increasing the number of applications to maintain effectiveness.
4. **Additional considerations**. When pests or diseases are present in the field, you can mix appropriate amounts of pesticide into the fertilizer solution. However, avoid mixing potassium dihydrogen phosphate with alkaline pesticides such as lime sulfur or Bordeaux mixture, as this may reduce fertilizer efficiency due to chemical reactions.
By following these guidelines, farmers can optimize their foliar fertilization strategy, leading to healthier crops and higher yields.
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