Pleurotus ostreatus is typically cultivated during the winter season. However, improper management can lead to various deformities in the mushrooms, which significantly reduces their commercial value and ultimately affects economic returns.
1. **Bigfoot Mushroom**: This deformity occurs when the cap fails to develop properly after the formation of the primordium. The stem grows longer and thicker than the cap, resulting in a mushroom that resembles a "big foot." The cap is smaller in diameter compared to the stem, and the stem becomes hard, making the mushroom less marketable.
**Prevention**: Proper ventilation and controlled watering are essential. Even during prolonged cold weather, it's important to allow short periods of higher temperatures during the growth phase. Water should be sprayed frequently but not excessively to avoid over-saturation.
2. **Blue Mushroom**: During the development of the mushroom body, blue or black discoloration appears on the edges of the cap, sometimes spreading across the entire mushroom. This discoloration does not fade even after harvesting, making the mushroom unsuitable for sale.
**Prevention**: Warming measures such as sunlight exposure, heating systems, or electric heating can help prevent this issue. If using firewood or coal for heating, ensure proper heat transfer and exhaust systems are in place. Directly building stoves inside the growing room is not recommended due to safety and air quality concerns.
3. **Tumor Gland Mushroom**: This condition is characterized by the appearance of small bumps or wrinkles on the cap surface, resembling blisters. It often results in slow growth and, in severe cases, the cap may collapse, halting the mushroom’s development entirely.
**Prevention**: When cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus in winter, it's crucial to know the minimum temperature required for normal growth. Ensure adequate insulation and heating to maintain stable conditions in the growing area. Temperature changes should be gradual and within the optimal range for the specific variety. Medium-temperature strains should be kept above 8°C, while low-temperature varieties need to stay above 0°C to avoid developmental issues.
By implementing these preventive measures, growers can significantly reduce the occurrence of deformities, improve yield quality, and enhance overall profitability.
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