It's challenging to compensate for the loss of vegetative organs during the growing season, as the damage can be significant and is often caused by multiple factors. Here are 10 common reasons why vegetables die and how to prevent them:
First, over-fertilization can lead to plant death. Excessive fertilizer can increase soil salt concentration, causing root dehydration, wilting, and even stem collapse. Nitrogen-based fertilizers are especially risky. To prevent this, reduce or avoid using nitrogen-rich fertilizers.
Second, ammonia toxicity can cause plants to wither. If indoor ammonia levels exceed 0.8%, it can harm the leaf stalks. Prevention includes limiting ammonia-containing fertilizers like urea and ammonium bicarbonate, controlling human urine application, properly composting chicken manure, and ventilating after fertilizing.
Third, heat stress can damage plants. If the soil is too shallow, roots become weak, and high temperatures can cause severe dehydration. Prevent by shading plants during hot periods, deep plowing before planting, controlling water during seedling stages, and ensuring adequate irrigation during heatwaves.
Fourth, water deficiency is a major cause of plant death. Water has a higher heat capacity than air, so dry soil can lead to frost damage. To prevent this, create an ecological greenhouse with proper temperature control and water thoroughly before freezing.
Fifth, improper grafting can lead to plant failure. Poor healing at the graft site or uncut scion roots can result in weak growth and root rot in cold conditions. Ensure proper cutting of both rootstock and scion, apply copper ammonium solution to wounds, and cut roots early.
Sixth, waterlogging can kill plants. Overwatering in poorly drained soil can suffocate roots and cause rot. Improve soil drainage, avoid watering during early growth, let soil aerate after watering, and ensure fields are level to prevent standing water.
Seventh, shallow root systems can make plants vulnerable. After prolonged cloudy weather, sudden exposure to sunlight can cause dehydration. Apply emulsified fertilizer during low-light periods and gradually acclimate plants to light to avoid shock.
Eighth, dirty burns from improperly composted manure can damage roots. High humidity and uncomposted manure can cause overheating and root damage. Use well-composted manure, avoid over-application, and place it away from the root zone.
Ninth, insect infestations can kill plants. Uncooked manure attracts pests that damage roots and stems. Control pests by mixing microbes or trichlorfon into the soil, applying ash and humic acid, and using natural sprays made from animal dung to repel underground insects.
Tenth, copper deficiency can weaken plants, making them more susceptible to disease. Copper helps strengthen plant cell walls. Apply copper sulfate or mix it with ammonium bicarbonate when planting, and spray copper solutions on young plants to boost their resistance.
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