Castration of roosters is a common practice in poultry farming, offering several benefits such as improved meat quality, reduced aggression, and faster growth. After the procedure, roosters typically lose their sexual function, become calmer, eat less, and grow more efficiently. The ideal time for castration is around 1.5 months of age, and it's best performed on a sunny day when the bird is calm and healthy.
The testes are small, resembling peanuts in size, and the surgery is generally straightforward. Essential tools include a scalpel, dilator, testicular spoon, Baoding rod, and either a ponytail or nylon thread. The incision site is located in the upper third between the last two ribs, which is a relatively free area with yellowish, oval-shaped tissue. The lungs lie in front of the testes, while the kidneys are behind, and the intestines are below.
To perform the procedure, gently tie the wings together and secure the legs to the Baoding rod. Position the bird on its right side. Remove the feathers around the incision site and disinfect the skin with iodine. With your left hand, lift the skin and muscles at the surgical site to expose the area. Using a scalpel, make a 2-3 cm incision at a slight angle along the rib cage. Use the dilator to open the incision and carefully puncture the peritoneum with the hook on the knife’s other end.
With the right hand, use the testicular spoon to gently move the intestines aside and locate the testes. The testicle set will be pulled out, and the ponytail will be caught in the spoon. Carefully roll the testes from back to front, then cut the mesentery and remove them. A skilled operator can perform the surgery on one side and remove both testes at once, while beginners may prefer to do each side separately.
After removal, take out the dilator and carefully align the skin so that the edges overlap naturally. Suturing is usually unnecessary unless the incision is very long, in which case 1–2 stitches may be needed. Before the procedure, ensure the bird has fasted for 12 hours to empty the intestines, making the surgery easier and safer.
During the operation, be cautious not to accidentally puncture the abdominal cavity. If bleeding occurs, apply pressure to stop it. After the surgery, place the rooster in a clean, dry area to prevent injury. Monitor the bird for 3–5 days to ensure proper healing. If the wound becomes swollen, you can gently drain it with a needle. Clean the area with saline solution and apply an anti-inflammatory powder if necessary.
Pelvic Plate
Due to the irregular characteristics of the pelvic structure, the choice of internal fixation is diverse.
For patients separated symphysis pubis, a 2 or 4 holes, 4.5 or 3.5mm diameter dynamic compression plate or reconstruction plate can be used and fixed with full-thread cancellous bone screws.Another method of fixation is lag screw fixation. In patients with new sacroiliac joint dislocation with a forward approach,firm fixation can be achieved by using 2holes 3.5mm dynamic compression plates through the front of the sacroiliac joint. The posterior approach can also be used to insert 6.5mm lag screws into the sacral wings or hollow cancellous bone screws with interosseous compression for firm internal fixation. If available, the fracture may be fixed with 3.5mm or 4.5mm pelvic reconstruction plates and appropriate full-thread cancellous bone screws.
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