Bud grafting is a commonly used technique in horticulture to propagate desirable plant varieties. The process begins by selecting strong, healthy shoots from the parent tree. Using a sharp knife, a "T"-shaped incision is made on the rootstock, cutting vertically and horizontally to expose the xylem. The vertical cut should be about 2 cm long, while the horizontal cut should measure between 0.3 to 0.4 cm. Next, a similar "T" shape is created on the scion, which is a freshly cut shoot containing a bud of the same size. The bud is carefully removed and inserted into the "T" opening on the rootstock, ensuring close contact with the vascular tissue. The area around the bud is then wrapped tightly with a plastic band, approximately 1 cm wide and 20 cm long, starting from the bottom and moving upward to secure the graft without exposing the bud.
After about 30 days, the graft site should show signs of successful growth. At this point, the plastic band can be gently loosened and eventually removed. Any competing shoots from the rootstock should be pruned immediately, and the grafted bud should be allowed to grow freely. Throughout the growing season, it's important to regularly remove any unwanted sprouts from the rootstock to ensure the grafted bud receives adequate nutrients and water. This helps promote faster and healthier growth of the scion.
The advantages of bud grafting are numerous. First, the survival rate of buds is significantly higher compared to spring grafting, often increasing by around 40%. Second, the process is quick and efficient, as there is no water loss during grafting, leading to better survival rates. Third, it saves the scion material and reduces large wounds on the rootstock, which minimizes damage to other branches that may still be producing fruit. Fourth, the method is simple and easy to perform, making it ideal for large-scale orchard transformations. Fifth, it allows for flexible timing—buds can be grafted at any time of the year, especially in warmer regions where growth is continuous. Finally, due to the fast growth under high temperatures and humidity, grafted trees can begin to bear fruit within two years and reach full production in 3 to 5 years.
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