Bud grafting is a widely used technique in horticulture, particularly for propagating fruit trees. The process begins by selecting vigorous, healthy shoots from the parent tree. Using a sharp knife, a "T"-shaped incision is made on the rootstock, cutting vertically and horizontally to expose the xylem. The vertical cut should be about 2 cm long, while the horizontal cut should be approximately 0.3 to 0.4 cm wide. Once the "T" shape is prepared, a similar cut is made on the scion—a freshly harvested shoot that contains a well-developed bud. The bud is carefully removed, ensuring it includes a small portion of the surrounding bark, forming a triangular shape. This bud is then inserted into the "T" shaped opening on the rootstock, making sure the cambium layers are in close contact for optimal healing.
After insertion, the graft site is wrapped tightly with a plastic tape that is about 1 cm wide and 20 cm long, starting from the bottom and moving upward. It's crucial to cover the entire graft area without exposing the bud. After approximately 30 days, the graft should have taken, and the plastic band can be gently loosened or removed. At this point, the rootstock (anvil) should be cut back, and any new shoots that appear on the rootstock should be promptly removed to prevent competition with the grafted bud. Proper watering and fertilization should be maintained to support the growth of the scion.
Bud grafting offers several advantages over other grafting methods. First, the survival rate of buds is significantly higher—about 40% greater than that of spring grafts. Second, the process is quick and efficient, as there is minimal water loss during grafting, leading to better success rates. Third, the technique saves the scion and reduces large wounds on the rootstock, which helps maintain the productivity of other branches. Fourth, the method is simple and easy to perform, making it ideal for large-scale orchard transformations. Fifth, it allows for flexible timing, as grafting can be done at any time of the year, especially in regions with favorable climates. Lastly, due to rapid growth under high temperature and humidity conditions, the grafted plants can bear fruit within two years and reach full production in 3 to 5 years.
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