In the summer, with high temperatures, full sunlight, and abundant rainfall, mulberry trees experience optimal conditions for growth. However, proper management is crucial during this time, focusing on what is known as the "four defenses." These strategies are essential to ensure healthy development and maximize yield.
After the summer harvest, the soil between the rows of mulberry trees becomes exposed, creating an ideal environment for weeds to thrive. This can lead to the formation of dense weed cover, which competes with the mulberry trees for nutrients and water. To prevent this, it's important to promptly remove weeds following the harvest, helping to maintain a clean growing area and reduce competition.
Waterlogging after heavy rains can be a serious issue for mulberry trees. When the roots are submerged for extended periods, they may begin to shrink and fall off. As the tree regrows new leaves above ground, it requires stronger root systems to support this rapid growth. However, in prolonged rainy conditions, poor drainage can cause water to accumulate in the fields, suffocating the roots and impairing the tree’s ability to absorb water and nutrients. Therefore, after the summer harvest, it's critical to clear the irrigation channels and ensure proper drainage, allowing the field to dry quickly.
The post-harvest period is also when various pests become active, posing a threat to the health of the mulberry leaves. Insects like the mulberry caterpillar and wild silkworms can severely damage the foliage, reducing both quality and yield. In some cases, they may even endanger the silkworms that feed on the leaves. Regular monitoring of the trees after the summer harvest is necessary to detect pest activity early, enabling timely intervention through effective pest control measures.
Finally, fertilization plays a key role in restoring the vitality of the mulberry trees after the harvest. To promote strong growth, early germination, and increased leaf production, a significant amount of fertilizer should be applied. The first application is typically done at the start of July, using about 20 kg of urea and 40 kg of well-rotted manure per acre. A second round can be applied at the end of July or beginning of August, using around 15 kg of urea per acre. Fertilizers should be applied deeply to enhance their effectiveness and ensure the trees receive the necessary nutrients for robust growth.
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