As agriculture continues to boost productivity and income, the role of seeds becomes increasingly critical. To produce high-quality and high-yielding hybrid corn seeds, it is essential to start with good planting practices. After years of field experience, we have gathered valuable insights that can help improve seed production.
First and foremost, establishing proper isolation is a fundamental step in ensuring seed purity. Unlike regular crop fields, hybrid seed production requires strict isolation from other corn varieties to prevent cross-pollination. Isolation can be achieved through spatial, temporal, or barrier methods. In Liaoning, time-based isolation has limited practicality and is not widely adopted. Therefore, most regions rely on natural barriers such as mountains or use spatial isolation for better results. According to national standards, when using spatial isolation, the distance between hybrid corn fields and other corn pollen sources should be at least 300 meters. For sweet, waxy, and white corn, the distance should be no less than 400 meters.
Secondly, proper soil preparation and fertilization are key to successful farming. Before sowing, the soil must be well-prepared, free from pests and diseases, and located on flat, uniform land with good drainage and irrigation facilities. Soil cultivation involves breaking up the soil, removing weeds, and compacting the surface to retain moisture. It's also important to assess the nutrient content of the soil and apply fertilizers accordingly. In recent years, soil nutrient depletion has become more common, so targeted fertilization is necessary to avoid wasteful application.
Thirdly, preparing quality parent seeds is the foundation of good farming. It's crucial to understand the genetic background, origin, growth characteristics, and germination potential of the parent plants. Selecting reliable seeds and drying them before planting helps remove impurities and improves seed quality. A germination test should also be conducted to determine the viability of the seeds. Based on the seed type and germination rate, the sowing time and amount should be adjusted accordingly. Seed coating is highly recommended, as it protects against pests and enhances nutrient absorption, especially in soils affected by continuous cropping. However, coated seeds must be tested for germination and handled carefully during storage and use.
Lastly, accurate sowing timing is essential for maximizing yield. The sowing date depends on the characteristics of both parent plants and the soil temperature and moisture levels. Sowing can begin when the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm stabilizes between 10°C and 12°C. In cases of spring drought, where irrigation is not available, it’s important to sow early to ensure proper development before harvest. It's vital to accurately predict the flowering periods of both parents and adjust the sowing schedule accordingly. Weather changes can affect flowering times, so advance planning and monitoring are necessary. Typically, the male parent is sown in two stages: 3 meters in the first stage and 2 meters in the second, which extends the pollination period and ensures better synchronization. It's important to plant the male and female parents separately to avoid mixing. The planting density should be determined based on variety and soil fertility, with neither too dense nor too sparse.
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